£20,000 invested in BAE Systems (LSE: BA) shares on 24 February 2022 — the day Russia invaded Ukraine — would now be worth around £80,668, with dividends included.
The surge in global defence spending since that moment has driven one of the most sustained re‑ratings anywhere in the FTSE 100. It has pushed BAE’s order book, earnings visibility and cash generation to record levels.
But NATO members have now pledged to lift combined defence budgets to 5% of GDP by 2035, up from around 2% last year. It is an increase worth roughly $423bn (£314bn) a year across non‑US members alone. And as Europe’s largest defence contractor and the world’s sixth‑largest, BAE sits at the centre of this shift.
So is now the time for me to add to my holding in BAE?
Where’s the value going to come from?
Over the long run, earnings growth creates real shareholder value, not short‑term market swings. And the companies that can expand revenues, margins and cash flow consistently are the ones whose share prices tend to benefit most.
A risk to BAE is any delay on major long‑cycle defence programmes, which can squeeze margins and slow cash conversion. Another is a fault in a key product line, which could be expensive to remedy and potentially damage the firm’s reputation.
That said, consensus analysts’ forecasts are that BAE’s earnings will grow an average 12% a year over the medium term. This looks well supported by its recently-released 2025 results. These showed underlying earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) rise 12% year on year to £3.3bn, while sales increased 10% to £30.7bn.
Free cash flow stayed strong at £2.16bn, despite higher R&D investment, while order intake of £36.8bn drove the backlog to a record £83.6bn. This reflected robust demand across air, maritime, electronic systems and US platforms.
Management forecasts increases this year of 9%-11% in EBIT and 7%-9% in sales. Free cash flow is projected at over £1.3bn.
Are the shares still undervalued right now?
For a business like BAE, forward‑looking relative measures matter far more than backward‑looking ones. This is because defence spending, order visibility and margin guidance all shape future earnings in a way past valuations simply cannot capture.
On the key forward price-to-earnings ratio, the firm’s 28.8 is bottom of its competitor group, which averages 32.4. These firms comprise L3Harris Technologies at 30.4, Rolls-Royce at 31.1, TransDigm at 32.7, and RTX at 35.2.
So despite its huge share price gains since 2022, BAE is still undervalued on this measure.
It is even more pronounced in its forward price-to-sales ratio of 2 against its peers’ average of 4.1. And it also looks a bargain at a price-to-book ratio of 5.7 compared to the 14.3 average of its competitors.
Taken together, these relative measures suggest that even after its powerful multi‑year rally, BAE still trades at a meaningful discount to its global peers.
My investment view
Despite the multi‑year rally in the share price, the stock still looks materially cheaper than comparable defence majors. And with earnings and cash flow now underpinned by multi‑year government commitments, the outlook remains strong.
That is exactly the kind of set-up I look for, so I will add to my holding very shortly. In the meantime, other undervalued high-growth stocks have also caught my eye.
