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Who Stole Our Savings Habit?

Cliff D'Arcy

By

Cliff D'Arcy

From the Fool blog

Fame And Fortune In The City

Published in Savings on 30 June 2008

There was a time when we Brits would save a seventh of our take-home pay. Today, the savings habit is nearly dead.

Once upon a time, we Brits were serious savers. Indeed, the financial hardship which began in the 1930s continued long after World War II ended in 1945. Hence, while post-war Britain was being rebuilt, our parents and grandparents desperately tried to stock up their savings accounts. However, it took until the mid-Fifties before they started to make real progress.

Sadly, the good financial habits of the past have not been passed on to the current generation. Indeed, the savings ratio (which measures how much of our take-home income we save) has collapsed to a fraction of its former highs. Take a look at the following table, which shows how the savings ratio has varied since the war:

The UK savings ratio from 1945 to 1989

 

Period

Low (%)

High (%)

1945-49

-3.3

0.0

1950-59

-2.1

1.9

1960-69

4.1

7.2

1970-79

5.0

10.9

1980-89

4.9

12.4

As you can see, we struggled to save during the Forties and Fifties, but our savings habit improved from the swinging Sixties onwards. Indeed, in 1980, we saved almost an eighth (12.4%) of our take-home pay. During the difficult years of 1979-82, the savings ratio never dropped below 10.9%, or almost one pound in every nine.

The peak came in the difficult winter of 1979, when the savings ratio hit an all-time high of 14.1%, or one in seven pounds. The early Thatcher years were a difficult time for the economy, which caused people to squirrel away a lot more money in order to cope with turbulent times. Now let’s look at how well we saved in the Nineties:

The UK savings ratio, 1990-99

 

Year

Savings

ratio (%)

1990

8.0

1991

10.3

1992

11.7

1993

10.7

1994

9.3

1995

10.2

1996

9.4

1997

9.5

1998

7.0

1999

5.3

Although we saved hard during the recession of the early Nineties, our savings habit started to slip as the housing market took off from 1995 onwards. However, things have got a lot worse recently, as my final table shows:

The UK savings ratio, 2000-2008

 

Year

Savings

ratio (%)

2000

5.1

2001

6.4

2002

5.0

2003

4.9

2004

3.7

2005

5.6

2006

4.8

2007

3.1

Now brace yourself for some really bad news. In the first quarter of this year, the savings ratio collapsed to 1.1%. In other words, between January and March, we managed to save a pathetic £1 for every £90 of take-home pay. This is the lowest savings ratio since 1959, which takes us to a 49-year low.

In summary, our instinct to save is now at its lowest level in almost half a century. In the past, a squeeze on our disposable incomes would cause us to cut back and save more. Sadly, after a twelve-year housing and credit boom, we’ve almost forgotten how to save. Alas, without a decent cash cushion to tide us over the hard times, the outlook for British households looks pretty poor.

So, my advice to you is to start saving as hard as you can. Get into the habit of putting away a set amount each month in a high-interest, preferably tax-free, savings account. Then, if the UK does go into recession, at least your household finances will be in better shape.

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Comments

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sixhundred 30 Jun 2008, 5:49pm

"In summary, our instinct to save is now at its lowest level in almost half a century."

I don't believe this is the case. What is actually happening is people are cutting back and economising but they still can't afford to save anything. Our instinct to save is still strong, we just have no money to actually save with.

Saveaholic 30 Jun 2008, 6:19pm

I believe this is exactly the case, sixhundred. My wife and I are in our early 30s and earn no more than the national average - we have already paid off the mortgage on our semi and are now on the way to building a decent nest egg. We save/invest about 25% of our joint income. How? By not buying new luxury cars, going on expensive holidays or getting up to our ears in debt buying the latest designer clothers or pointless electronic gizmos. I get the impression that our instincts put us in a tiny minority, especially among our generation. People have laughed at our thrift over the last few years as encouraged by the government and the media they've embarked on a debt-fuelled spendathon. They're not laughing so loud now they've realised that good times are behind us for a while. Whether to save or spend is a choice, and always has been.

CunningCliff 30 Jun 2008, 6:35pm

My wife and I save around half of our pre-tax income. However, our annual income is over four times the household average of £33k, so saving is easier for us.

Alas, I suspect saving is almost impossible at the other end of the income spectrum. :0(

All the best,

Cliff (Fool freelancer)

Saveaholic 30 Jun 2008, 10:29pm

Yes, there are a few people who genuinely have to live hand-to-mouth, but they aren't responsible for the declining savings ratio. I suspect it's mostly a result of the middle classes sailing increasingly close to the wind to keep up appearances. In many cases it's the higher earners who have managed to leave themselves the least room for maneouvre.

Not that the government does much to genuinely reward savers. My hard-won savings deny me access to means-tested benefits and are at risk of being eroded by inflation thanks to Gordo and Al. I sometimes wonder whether I'd be better off doing what everyone else does and blowing it all on a new 5-Series.

peepobaby 01 Jul 2008, 6:35am

Obvious isn't it. Property costs have eaten into disposable incomes severely during the past decade. Arguably the UK does save but in property rather than cash since we have started to hold the belief that houses property outperforms cash and can be turned to cash quickly by selling.

MuppetKeeper 01 Jul 2008, 8:52am

Savaholic, you are absolutely correct. My wife and I are in our late thirties, we realised about six years ago that the "good times" could not go on for ever, so aggressively paid off the mortgage and saved in many other ways too.
Whilst I live in the same type of house as most of my neighbours, and earn more than all of them, mines the 8 year old ford focus on the drive, and every week, they all ask when I'm getting rid of my cr*p car. I just laugh now, and say I'll get rid of the car when they get rid of their mortgage!
When times are bad, save, when times are good, saver harder!

Basillio 01 Jul 2008, 9:10am

Cliff, it would help if you could give the source of your figures. As you know there are different measures for savings. In some cases inventory build up is included as is balance sheet rebuilding. I take it these figures refer to individual savings.

I'm not sure we've lost the savings habit. We never had it. The level of savings depends to a considerable extent in people's confidence in the economy. So in periods of uncertainty people tend to save more. Perversely, in a period of high inflation; eg mid 70's. However, the financial market place has changed dramatically in the last two decades, and I wonder whether past saving patterns might have been changed significantly as a result.

Of course, our spending/saving patterns should be contra cycle. Save when times are good; spend when times are bad. Saving in a recession worsens the position, saving in a period of growth, provides additional spending power in a down turn, lessening the impact . A lesson this Government didn't learn.

Finally I am impressed by correspondents' ability to save. I hope they and many more like them will now spend us out of this down turn!

colrapspray 01 Jul 2008, 10:20am

The "must have now, live for today" outlook of most Brits is the real reason for the drop in savings

C Rapspray

worriedone 01 Jul 2008, 10:28am

I think the policies of the government, increasing taxation on the working population to a point where they have less than half their disposable to spend or save, means that people simply cannot afford to save. As for living frugally, its easy when you don' have children to explain yourself to. You may be willing to go without things, but children always need something, new shoes/clothes etc because they are always growing. We manage to save, but its not easy and we are always balancing that with getting on with living our lives whilst we are here for those oh so short 70+ years (if we're lucky).

margaretc 01 Jul 2008, 11:36am

I agree with worriedone above. I am almost glad that I no longer have children around because I'm sure that I wouldn't be able to keep up with all their needs and wants.

To explain, I was taught to save way way back, my first day at school in fact, September 1940. The village school acted as a sub-branch of a bank and the children all took a small amount every Monday morning to add to our savings accounts. No one thought of owning their own home or having a car, so there was less to spend money on - the family's money went on essentials first like rent, warmth and food.

My school savings were in fact the basis for a first mortgage in 1962. A lot of ups and downs followed over many years, but now in my 70s I find I've rediscovered the 'savings habit' I had as a child and we both save now just because we don't know what our needs may be in time to come. Just what they said at home all those years ago - the 'rainy day' may come!

Now, with children, it seems to me that it's the easiest thing in the world to fritter money away on their daily 'wants', not just the shoes/clothes that worriedone mentions. For example, I had school dinners and then nothing to eat until I got home for tea, after a 2-mile walk (a 2-mile run when I was being bullied). I had 4 ounces of sweets a WEEK. Now, I see children needing sweets, crisps, chips, sweet drinks when they come out of school and on their way home, whether they're with parents or not. 'They have to have it' I've been told. But this is a daily/weekly cost which is never taken into account.

Living frugally was easier for my generation because few of us had, or expected to have, any of the consumer goods that people now expect as a right. Television didn't arrive in our part of England until the early 1950s. No one had a car except farmers or professional people. No one had a telephone, similar. No one owned their own home. If you take all these things out of the equation, the comparison with past decades begins to look quite different.

In addition, there was a different mindset. The working classes had their own pride. They paid their own way and abhorred debt - that was one of the big reasons for saving, the 'rainy day' ethos. There were few if any state benefits, so if someone, whether adult or child, died suddenly, the funeral had to be paid for by the family.

We had fewer clothes. We all had a 'special' outfit for Sundays, a hat and coat for church, but we didn't have clothes for a night out clubbing and drinking. There was much less drinking, full stop! Where I grew up few people smoked. The younger women learned to smoke in the Forces, the older women didn't smoke.

So you can perhaps see that there were a lot fewer calls on your money decades ago, even though people earned less.

Some younger people have still got the savings habit, so it's too much of a generalisation to say that none of them have.

sarlea 01 Jul 2008, 12:13pm

I did save when I was working and built up a nice little nestegg for myself. But since losing my job last year I have had to live off my savings. If you have savings, the government do very little to help you. I get £60 a week Job Seekers Allowance which I'm about to lose because I've been claiming for 6 months. I still have my mortgage, food and bills to pay for, and I can't even claim council tax benefit.

Makes me wonder why I bothered to save at all. If I had less or no savings, at least I'd get help from the government.

Here's hoping I get another job soon, and I can start to build up my nestegg again.

margaretc 01 Jul 2008, 12:46pm

I think that sarlea above has raised another important point. It could be argued that the Welfare State has acted as a big disincentive to save. Sarlea's comment: 'Makes me wonder why I bothered to save at all. If I had less or no savings, at least I'd get help from the government' is also one that we hear in relation to older people.

It goes something like this: 'My neighbour never saved, now gets full state pension plus pension credit, all housing costs paid i.e. housing benefit/council tax benefit, and lives well. I have a small works pension or savings plus own my own home - income is too high for pension credit so I am worse off. If I hadn't saved, had spent it all (fill in the gaps!) the government would help me, as it is they don't'.

People who know I am still saving often asking 'why?' I have tried to explain many times but either you understand it or you don't.

Sarlea, I wish you well. The same thing happened to my son-in-law - following the downturn in the airline industry after 9/11 (he worked for a company that supplied parts) All his savings went, but he did get another job. Don't give up hope.

2 years ago my eldest granddaughter was not only jobless but homeless as well. She was given a council flat, then she got her 'dream job' after a year doing a job that she didn't much like. Once she had her repairs and renovations done, the next thing she did was to open a regular savings account. I'm proud of her. She is not about to put any of it in jeopardy because she knows what the alternatives are.

McLeodC 01 Jul 2008, 1:14pm

A major disincentive to saving, for anyone who is concerned about losing their job, is imposed by the Department of Work and Pensions. If you have savings (and investments) over £6,000, you'll get paid less JobSeeker's Allowance. If you have savings over £16,000 you probably won't qualify at all. Similar rules apply to claimants for Income Support and Housing Benefit. These paltry savings limits have barely changed in many years. They were no doubt intended to prevent layabout millionaires from claiming social security benefits, but the result is that people in insecure jobs are discouraged from saving at the time when they need to have a savings cushion most.
The government should raise the savings limits to at least £50K to restore them to the real value at the time when they were introduced, or could consider alternative approaches, such as disregarding savings entirely for, say, the first 6 months of any period of unemloyment.
Perhaps the large numbers of MPs concerned about losing their jobs after the next election should push for such a change?

URRZZ 02 Jul 2008, 8:37am

McLeodC - you say that the government should ignore savings for the first six months of any period of unemployment. My understanding is that there are two types of Job Seekers allowance - contribution-based and income based. The latter is affected by the level of savings a person has, the former isn't. Providing a persion has made enough NI contributions in the past then they should be entitled to contributions-based Jobseekers allowance for the first six months that they are unemployed, and therefore their savings are not taken into account for that period.

laehc 02 Jul 2008, 11:58am

I'm just wondering if proof of ID and address is an obstacle for many people who might otherwise open a savings account. (If nearly everyone has an account but doesn't put much in, then obviously that's not the case.)

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