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Bradford & Bingley & Broken?

Cliff D'Arcy

By

Cliff D'Arcy

From the Fool blog

The Right Financial Decision

Published in Your Money on 2 June 2008

Disaster hits B&B as it makes a loss and raises emergency cash from an investment fund. What next for its shareholders, customers and staff?

It's been a day to forget for shareholders of struggling building-society-turned-bank Bradford & Bingley (LSE: BB.) . B&B's shares were suspended from trading at 7.52am, only to be reinstated at 8.10am after the lender issued a profit warning. In a stock-market announcement, the UK's eighth-largest bank revealed five shockers:

1.    US private-equity firm Texas Pacific Group is buying a 23% stake in the bank at 55p a share, for a total of £179 million.

2.    B&B's recently announced rights issue has been scrapped and replaced by a restructured issue of £258 million. The original rights issue, announced last month, offered new shares to existing shareholders at 82p. As the market price is now below this level, shareholders can buy B&B shares more cheaply in the stock market. Hence, the previous rights issue was cancelled. The new deal offers shareholders 19 new shares at 55p for every 25 shares held.

3.    B&B made an £8 million pre-tax loss for January to April, versus a £108 million profit in the same period of 2007. B&B had expected to make £150 million in the first four months of 2008.

4.    The lender warned of tough times to come for the UK housing market, as write-offs, bad debts and arrears rise in buy-to-let lending.

5.    B&B's chief executive, Steven Crawshaw, is suffering from a heart condition and has stepped down. We wish him a speedy return to health.

There may be trouble ahead...

Naturally, B&B's share price plunged, with other banks' shares following suit. Having closed at 88.25p on Friday, Bradford & Bingley's share price dived as low as 60p (down 32%), before recovering to 66p (down 22%) as I write.

Bradford & Bingley is particularly exposed to specialist mortgage lending, including buy to let (where it is the market leader), self-certification (alias ‘liar loans') and negative-equity and 100%+ loans.

The big worry for Bradford & Bingley (and other mortgage lenders and property investors) is that its buy-to-let business model has never been stress-tested in a housing downturn. B&B is the UK's largest lender in the buy-to-let sector, with a share of a fifth (20%) of this £120 billion market.

Buy to let really thrived during the twelve-year housing boom which began in the mid-Nineties. But will buy-to-let investors hold their nerve if house prices fall between 20% and 30%? Homeowners will do almost anything to keep the roof over their head, but will amateur landlords be tempted to walk away when times get tough?

Anyway, what lies ahead for Bradford & Bingley stakeholders? Let's take a look:

Shareholders

No one knows how buy to let will play out if house prices fall for a sustained period. It may even be the case that the buy-to-let bubble has burst and this model has broken down. When times get tough, homeowners will be a better bet than property investors, so the future looks grim for B&B.

You'd have to be a very brave investor to buy shares in Bradford & Bingley at present. The long-awaited housing-market downturn has only just begun, and the UK economy has yet to go into recession. Nevertheless, B&B is already showing signs of financial strain, even though the worst is still yet to come.

Therefore, things look pretty nasty for B&B's owners. TPG Capital is paying 55p a share for almost a quarter of Bradford & Bingley, with the replacement rights issue at the same price. Therefore, there is no reason why existing shareholders should value their shares at much above this level. What's more, the dividend will definitely be cut later in the year.

In short, if I were a shareholder in B&B, I would head for the exit by selling my shares.

Borrowers

Bradford & Bingley's net interest margin (the difference between its borrowing rates and savings rates) is in decline. To stop the rot, B&B must increase interest rates on lending. Therefore, mortgages and other loans are set to become more expensive for new and existing borrowers. Hence, it may make sense for B&B borrowers to look into remortgaging in order to lock in a lower rate.

Savers

Savers with Bradford & Bingley should not panic. The company is not bust and might just hit its profit target of £150 million in 2008. B&B is not poised to ‘do a Northern Rock', so your savings are safe. Furthermore, the first £35,000 of your savings is protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS). Thus, there's no need to start queuing up at your local B&B branch!

Then again, B&B needs to make some tough decisions in order to restore its profitability. It may be forced to cut savings rates in order to restore its interest margin. Indeed, B&B has yet to cut its rates in response to recent reductions in the Bank of England's base rate. Accordingly, now would be a good to shop around for a Best Buy savings account, in order to earn a table-topping rate of interest.

Customers

The former building society has more than three million customers. Alas, given that the group is in turmoil, it seems probable that customer service will suffer in the short term. In order to ‘turn the tanker around', Bradford and Bingley will have to take a knife to its cost base. Possibly, these cuts may well include staff reductions and increased use of call centres and offshore facilities. Hence, customers should brace themselves for a decline in standards.

Staff

I feel particularly sad for Bradford & Bingley employees. As well as receiving free shares at 248p in the flotation in December 2000, many will have bought extra shares via employee savings schemes such as Sharesave and Share Incentive Plans. The value of these shares has plunged by almost nine-tenths (88%) since the share price peaked at 536p on 20 March 2006.

Alas, B&B workers have suffered a huge hit to their nest egg. Even worse, Bradford & Bingley is sure to follow in Northern Rock's footsteps by downsizing its workforce. Thus, jobs may well be lost at head office and across its entire branch network. So, let's hope that redundant B&B employees find new jobs as soon as possible.

Finally, my Foolish colleague Maynard Paton warned that B&B was a risky investment more than four years ago in Why Some Banks Look Cheap. In addition, I've been banging on about the twin dangers of rising house prices and personal debt since I joined Fool.co.uk in 2003. Nevertheless, in the words of Scooby Doo: "Yikes!"

More: Find marvellous mortgages and super savings accounts | Bad News For Banks And Borrowers | Super Savings Accounts That Slaughter Inflation

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Comments

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Triassic 02 Jun 2008, 4:30pm

Lets face it B&B isn’t the first bank to face difficulties and won’t be the last. The good news is that TPG Capital have bought in and they aren’t likely to be throwing their money away?

youfoolishboy 02 Jun 2008, 6:53pm

Didn't a hedge fund buy in at Northern Rock near the end? Just because there is a big buyer doesn't mean they know what they are doing.

Coypu 03 Jun 2008, 12:40am

Cliff,

I know you have been hawkish about house prices for some time and no doubt some prices are heading south for a while, but I don't understand your hostility to Buy to Let. Why should BTL be particularly vulnerable at the moment? People have to live somewhere and there are reports of rents rising significantly now that FTBs are struggling to get mortgages.

As an ex Buy-to-Let er (I didn't enjoy it, though I did make money) I really can't see the problem. As long as you have done the maths and can easily cover to mortgage it still seems like a solid and traditional investment.

If you didn't get the sums right and borrowed too much, the problem isn't BTL or even Self Certification mortgages. The problem is stupidity!

Without having done anyresearch at all, my feeling is that B&B's troubles have a great deal to do with US sub-prime and the cost/difficulty of refinancing and little to do with the 'Dangers' of the BTL market per se.

sean1966 03 Jun 2008, 7:37am

I had some 'free shares' when B&B demutualised. Should I really sell them ? If i do will I incur a sellers fee ? Given that the shares are free, I'm minded to hold onto them and see what happens.

As for the Rights issue ? OOoerrr ? I guess you'd say DON'T BUY, but as a SMALL shareholder what should I do..... ??

Dhahran2001 03 Jun 2008, 7:47am

I agree with all that Coypu has written.

paakwa 03 Jun 2008, 8:08am

One of the reasons for B&B's predicament is the purchase over the last few years of sub-prime or self certified loans from GMAC.
GMAC aggressively sold these to whoever would buy, and B&B bought - big style. Almost £4 Billion, and they still owe around £2 Billion which they've contracted to buy.
Interestingly one other English company bought a lot from GMAC, a company called Amber who bought getting on for £1Billion
Amber belonged to HML
HML is Skipton building society.
Details here:
http://www2.standardandpoors.com/portal/site/sp/en/eu/page.article/2,1,14,0,1145817703902.html

peepobaby 03 Jun 2008, 8:20am

The only bit of Buy To Let that's safe is for property that is rented out to councils. These tend to be professional investors and this kind of investment has stayed strong for 30+ years.

The rest is rented out privately through letting agents. These tend to be newer owners that have bought in the past 1 to 10 years. Those that bought recently are on shaky ground because those that bought earlier will always be able to price rents lower because they bought at a lower price.

This is the shakier segment. Any institution that lends in this area will have found that that their new business has dried up just at the time that their old business is suddenly very risky. Investors no longer have confidence in institutions that only do this.

peepobaby 03 Jun 2008, 8:25am

paakwa, brilliant. So its even worse.

JMRENG 03 Jun 2008, 8:40am

AS A NOVICE BUY TO LET INVESTOR I STILL FEEL THERE ARE DEALS OUT THERE,YES RATES ARE HIGHER AND LTV IS LOWER BUT IF YOU DO THE MATHS PUT A BIT MORE CASH IN THERE ARE STILL TENANTS OUT THERE.THE MEDIA ALWAYS OVER EGG THE CAKE THEY LOVE DOOM AND GLOOM GREED WILL ALWAYS CATCH OUT SOME PEOPLE,BUT I AM STILL INVESTING JUST TAKING A BIT MORE TIME TO DO THE RESEARCH,IN FACT GOING TO LOOK AT A GREAT DEAL THIS THURSDAY IF ITS STILL AVAILABLE AND I WILL KEEP YOU POSTED

gortnomore 03 Jun 2008, 8:41am

Coypu - unfortunately investing is not about where you can 'cover the mortgage' it is about the Return On Capital Employed' that any business needs to take into account i.e. could you get more interest in a deposit account than on rental return - with returns running at 4.5% and your capital likely to be eroded the answer has to be 'get out of BTL'

soconnel 03 Jun 2008, 10:11am

I see the doom merchants are out in force again - talk about a media fuelled recession. If it wasn't for 'sensationalist' reporting I'm sure there would never have been a run on Northern Rock but hey, lets not let the facts get in the way of a good story.

magicblonde 03 Jun 2008, 10:16am

"The long-awaited housing-market downturn has only just begun" really, Cliff? Could you also give me the winner of the 3.45 at Exeter? These guys (and newspaper journalists) have been saying the same thing since 2002 and lost a lot of people money who followed their advice. I started in BTL in 1990, when interest rates were at 16.9% for me and there were no BTL mortgages at all. It worked then, and it works now, provided you know what you're doing. All those who want BTLers to come a cropper are forgetting about the £30bn a year the industry contributes to the country, the 1m+ households that live in private rental properties (due to lack of council housing after Thatcher sold them off to make Conservative cash resources look better), and the fact that we are taking care of ourselves rather than being a drain on the country like some people who slag us off.
Get over yourself, Cliff, with your obvious revelling in the prospects of doom & gloom, llike everything, property prices will have downturns but with average capital growth of 11.36%, giving a return on capital employed of around 88% (with only 15% of YOUR money in), plus any rental income, it's my pension of choice - rather than leaving my money to be handled by "experts" in some of the managed funds recommended by Motley Fool.

Prof103 03 Jun 2008, 10:23am

TPG Capital is paying 55p a share for almost a quarter of Bradford & Bingley, with the replacement rights issue at the same price. Therefore, there is no reason why existing shareholders should value their shares at much above this level. What's more, the dividend will definitely be cut later in the year.

In short, if I were a shareholder in B&B, I would head for the exit by selling my shares.


Good journalism except for the selling advice. If somebody is prepared to take almost a quarter of the company at 55 p a share, and you do not think the company will go bust, surely the Foolish thing to do is continue to hold your shares. At 55 p a share you have already suffered a very considerable paper loss. Why crystalise it by panic selling?

Yours

Prof103

mali7 03 Jun 2008, 10:25am

Hi, I have been landlord since 2001 and been very successful. I have always only targetted properties below market value, around 10-20% below - always hard to find and when you find need to move quickly, then always added minum 15% deposit. Hence that equates to about minimum 25% equity from start, which should give a good cushion for any down turn. My BTL strategy is long-term ie 10-15 years minimum. Also I always make sure mortgage repayment will be fully covered and still leave a 10%+ monthly profit. With experience since last 5-6yrs, I do not use letting agents, but always make sure I am selective to get the best tenants. Finally making sure the maths are correct and if you have an excellent credit record you should be able to get the cheapest best buy mortgage deal on the market! Dont pay high arrangement fees above £999 and do not pay a penny in broker fee! Good luck and never borrow too much and never buy anything overpriced!

johnthebookie 03 Jun 2008, 10:30am

gortnomore-your argument is true, but a little simplistic. I doubt there has ever been a time when money in savings or deposit couldn't outstrip rental return. In my area, a cash bought 150K BTL 3 bed house would return about 8500k pa in rent. 150k @ 6% in the bank would return 9K. If the BTL is a Flat with a punitive service charge, deposits look even more attractive. So why does anybody bother with BTL? The reason is surely for cash-flow month on month? Yes, Return on Capital and investment considerations are important for any business, but a little of this has to be sacrificed to ensure cash-flow which is equally important. In short your average BTL investor, unlike a business, can't afford to tie up all their limited capital in long-term investments which only pay out periodically. It sounds to me as if you are viewing it from a speculators short-term view-although Im not saying you are one! As a long-term BTL investor myself, nothing would please me more than to see all these 'Johnny-come-lately' wide boys exit the market. And I confess, I lose money on BTL because for reasons too complicated to go into here, I didn't put enough down. And because of this, yes you're right, I should be looking to sell. But with 100% equity, I'd always choose BTL over Deposits-simply because of the cash sum that goes into my account every month.

mali7 03 Jun 2008, 10:33am

Strongly Agree with Prof103 above. Why sell at 60p level, as all losses have already been applied! Why not be patient on this occassion and see if anything better happen? Ie the worst has already happened!

General comment: Why does it seem that the fool.co.uk (I am refering to the share advice service) seem to recomend selling a lossing share when it has lost already over 70% of its value, ie when it is at it worst? Why not detect a trouble share well before?

One example is JRVS, which fell 80p to 20p in a day, then the fool adviced sell! But I bought more to avearge down etc and now I am almost in double profit!

Djaz 03 Jun 2008, 10:55am

I do laugh at the way some people seem to take Cliff's comments personally! Almost always those who are BTL-ers.

I don't think Cliff is slating Buy To Let in general - let's face it, BTL has been around for quite literally centuries.

He's talking about the bubble that has arisen in the market recently.

I agree that it's a good LONG-TERM investment, but ten years is only one business cycle in the housing market, this isn't long-term.

I also laugh at the way people say 'the media's talking down the market'.

The media has also talked UP the market with headlines of 'House Price Rises Of x%' headlines - funnily enough you weren't complaining then, eh?

Average House Price to Average Earnings ratio since 1952 has been broadly around 3.5-4x (source: Nationwide Building Society)

It's only moved near to 5x twice (1973 and 1991). Both times it corrected itself back down within a year or two.

We are now around 5.5-6x - so whatever people say about immigration, small island and lack of new building etc. etc. - I don't think it's different this time.

I therefore think the market will correct itself. I wouldn't put everything I have on it, because nothing is ever 100% certain, but the fact that this exhibits all the centuries-old signs of a bubble (headlines about the incredible market, then articles saying 'is this a bubble') pretty much seals the deal for me.

abrahamisaacs 03 Jun 2008, 11:20am

I am a long term BTL-er with loads of debt (almost £1m). Having done the maths at the outset I am OK and do not need to sell in a downturn, although I agree times are tougher with higher interest rates. Rents HAVE increased markedly in the last year or so and I am getting 10-20% more rent on most of my units (some more some less). If investors wish to compare BTL rental income with a deposit account interest income, BTL has two additional advantages (a) a property tends to increase in capital value over time whereas a deposit account does not (b) this gain can be further multiplied through gearing. So I would nearly always choose BTL property investment above a deposit account.

paakwa 03 Jun 2008, 11:44am

The responses to the article seem to have turned into BTL arguments. The article is predominantly about B&B's financial well-being, or lack of.
B&B have let the bad news trickle out, hence the distrust. They're now faced with the onus of having to purchase a further $4.1 Billion of BTL and sub-prime mortgages from GMAC
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601102&sid=aPcrwtFCxvFs&refer=uk
and already have a shortfall with 5% of mortgagees three months behind on repayments with earlier purchases from GMAC
The UK's BTL overall has only a 1% arrears level, showing that BTL is not, in itself, unhealthy, but GMAC and hence B&B appear to be very unhealthy.
Add to this the fact that B&B's position is due to a 'mere' £409 million of GMAC loans, which it now has to increase colossally to over £2 Billion by the end of next year and it's easy to see why Standard & Poors stated:
"Not only has the deterioration been extremely rapid in recent weeks, but also B&B's own management information may have been inadequate."
I think we could agree with that:-)

MCMXCIX 03 Jun 2008, 11:52am

I think it's relatively straightforward:

A buy-to-let business model which sets out to make a profit from the rental income over the long term is perfectly sustainable.

A buy-to-let business model which sets out to make a profit from capital gains in a sharply rising housing market is bound to come a cropper sooner or later.

The reason we have had a BTL boom in the last few years is because a lot of amateur and first-time landlords saw house prices going up and put together a plan based on the second business model. "It doesn't matter if I don't collect a huge amount of rent / if I don't have tenants all the time," said the amateur BTLers, "capital gains will more than compensate!"

And so more and more amateur BTLers jumped in, the mortgage-lenders willingly threw money at them at preferential rates, first-time buyers were completely priced out of the market, driving more demand for rental property and the bubble grew.

Buying a property and renting it out to those who require short-term accommodation as a responsible and serious landlord is perfectly fine.

Leaping on to the greedy bandwagon with an ill-thought out business model and contributing to a painful bubble which has left many would-be first-time-buyers with nowhere to live (unless they continue renting - great! thanks for helping me rent again!), is dangerous, irresponsible, selfish and quite frankly revolting.

To all those amateur BTLers: you cast a blight on the lives of many as you made your stupid selfish decision to contribute to the housing bubble. I suspect you will come to rue that decision. As if you weren't told enough times: Your investment may go down as well as up.

MCMXCIX 03 Jun 2008, 11:55am

Oh and, just to bring this thread back on track, B&B were, of course, one of the major lenders which threw preferential mortgage rates in the direction of BTLers, fuelling the bubble. Doesn't seem like such a smart plan after all now that the can't-do-sums amateur landlords can't pay you back, eh, B&B?

smerfdoobrie 03 Jun 2008, 12:09pm

I would be interested to know just who Texas Pacific Group really are-not a subsiduary of some leading American underwriters wangling their way out of their underwriting commitments for the rights issue by any chance??

NpNp 03 Jun 2008, 3:13pm

Can one of the BTLers explain what will happen to their business model when house prices half and hence rents will half and therfore income will half and not cover the mortgage payments.
Anything associated with BTL seems to have gone bust or close to the rocks, purely an observation before I get flamed.
Surely the same value of BTL property earning interest somewhere is better than seeing thousands slide off the value of the BTL property each month. Again, an observation.
Rents are being 'talked-up' like the propety bubble was.
This is a knee-jerk reaction. There are more properties for rent now so there is an oversupply. Also, people are getting that hard-up they cannot afford to buy or rent. And like I said, rents will follow house prices down. So any rent rise has got to be very short term, and rent drop will be long term

nice1son 03 Jun 2008, 4:11pm

There are turbulant times ahead, the media is scare mongering. We all have to be optamistic. I for one have shares with B&B and other Banks , I'm buying more shares, think long term.

marshzr7 03 Jun 2008, 7:33pm

hi ,im not a trained business man or financial advisor so i might be talking rubbish .anyone out there that can explain to me where the 108,000,000 they made profit went surely it wasnt all paid to shareholders.b&b probably made profit in all quarters last year so why does making a loss this quarter nearly cripple them,appreciate all enlightning info ,ta brain dead me.

SammyJnr 03 Jun 2008, 8:07pm

I am both a Bradford & Bingley customer and member of staff (working in a branch). I have to say the standard of service offerred in the branches is still the same high standard I am used to and expect - much better than other banks on the high street - as our very loyal, sensible customers will testify. So please, don't feel sorry for me! I work for a great company, with great values who look after their customers and staff. I don't believe our executive team will let B&B go down without a fight and I for one will be picking up a few shares as they are cheap as chips right now. I just regret I didn't get a move on and buy some earlier as 55p a share is a steal and I'm going to have to pay the market rate. TPG aren't stupid - they won't put their money in if they're not convinced of a good return.

peepobaby 03 Jun 2008, 8:32pm

Smerfdoobrie, Texas Pacific Group is a private equity fund. Private equity funds typically invest on behalf of pension funds and other institutional investors. They generally put in part cash and then get a loan to cover the remaining amount of investment. It is not clear at the moment how much debt is behind the investment in B&B, or who might have provided it.

Cloudwatcher47 03 Jun 2008, 9:41pm

I'm a shareholder in B & B and have a strong gut feeling about this one so am going to buy more shares, like 'nice1son' I'm thinking long term.

mistysky 03 Jun 2008, 10:28pm

Weell said cloud watcher47
Chill out people! B&B have been around for over a hundred years and survived all recessions / depressions so far
yes Im another ( branch) staff member and proud of it!
A suggestion to all you foolsthat may not be customers at the moment- why not try investing in some of our excellent products and to all share holders moaning about the drop in share price ( Usually people who got free shares are shouting loudest!)why not buy shares whilst they are cheap and support the company who has been paying you ever increasing dividends over the last few years.Dont forget the share price was over £4.00 only a few months ago. Positive people power will help us all to make a profit!

Fazzersix 03 Jun 2008, 11:04pm

If you buy to let its like buying an antique its necessary to ride the highs and lows,sell at a peak or upturn if necessary.
The moral is if you cant afford expensive antiques dont buy to let !
Or compare BTL like the stock market you have to able to wait.
I have 15 years experience with buy to let and its been kind to me LONG TERM.
I invest with the BB not sure about buying shares though, but once again the long term prospect could be good if they survive, rebuild, go to profit.

1Dee 04 Jun 2008, 11:36pm

I am not a shareholder or customer of B&B but feel that perhaps there is a little bit of scaremongering going on. If I were in a position to buy shares now I probably would. So good luck to all who take the chance and are prepared to wait.

One other thing, Cliff mentioned Self Certification Mortgages and loans (alias liar loans). How dare you say such a thing. My husband is self employed and has to "self cert" because he refuses to pay the exorbitant fees of accountants. He pays his tax every year, fills in his own tax return with the help of the local tax office and NEVER lies about what he earns when applying for finance. Unfortunately there are a lot of people in the finance world who think like Cliff and assume all self certification applicants are liars. I think you are all being too narrow minded and quite frankly abusive. Just one more thing the proof of earnings my husband does have ie tax bill etc isn't enough for the finance world so he has to self certify thereby only being offered the less favourable rates!

gortnomore 05 Jun 2008, 10:08am

Me again,
For those of you who mistook my ROCE statements (and therefore should question if they should be BTLers), here's the explanation of it:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_on_capital_employed
Nothing to do with capital growth, all to do with rental returns

And you can easily get 7+% return in the 3 month money markets, nothing to do with deposit accounts.

Only trying to help, I'll stick to the boards in future

passport1 05 Jun 2008, 11:46am

I think the advice to sell the shares is poor.

Only a week ago i heard Anthony Bolton afvise investors to take profits on commodities and start to invest in a range of financials to spread the risk.

If you hold B & B as part of a portfolio of finacials i would advise holding and taking up rights.

glad1959 13 Jun 2008, 1:04pm

Why sell as I am looking to buy BB shares as I won't get many in the rights issue but at 75p and rising they do look like a bargain as 2,000 shares woul only cost me £1500. I have savings with them and I do like the service at my local branch. I always remeber not buyinf NEXT shares in the 90's when they hit 32p.

sendittoamit 20 Jun 2008, 9:40am

I can only say 2 things one the media loves to play games and divert peoples mind don't forget they have the greatest power...so just stay where you are if we all start moving away we will make things worse for others if we all stay together and support nothing is going to happen. Second business is about profit and losses stop listening to the media and follow your instincts Im staying with B&B and i hope to see them through many years ahead.

juicyjude 03 Jul 2008, 11:48am

hi I found most of these positive posts about B & B most heartning as I have had so many sleepless nights worrying about the building society and my saving deposited there. I too find the staff in my local branch to be most friendly and professional and to read the posts today on this site has helped me feel less anxious. So much on the media and web sites are negative and I have made myself ill with worry over this as I have deposited over the £35,000 compensation figure. I am truly hoping that TPG are taken on board and can turn things around, or does anyone think the government will step in to ensure all our deposits are safe.Many thanks to all the positive thinkers out there

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