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Has The Buy-To-Let Bubble Burst?

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By Laura Starkey | 30 April 2008

A few years ago, buy-to-let investing seemed like a super safe bet. Thanks to soaring property prices and cheap mortgage rates, the old adage ‘safe as houses' took on new meaning.

Fast forward to 2008, and the buy-to-let cash cow isn't looking quite so fat.

House prices are falling, mortgage rates are increasing and the buy-to-let industry is feeling the heat. This week, Inside Track - one of the companies that spearheaded the buy-to-let boom - went into administration.

For years, the company promised a bright future for buy-to-let investors, offering seminars and workshops on how to become a successful property investor. Now it faces bankruptcy.  

What Went Wrong?

The roots of Inside Track's troubles, like those of its customers, lie in the credit crunch.

As banks have lost liquidity and tightened up their lending criteria, things have begun to get tougher - particularly for buy-to-let borrowers.

Most buy-to-let mortgages are supplied by niche 'specialist lenders', which also offer sub-prime and self-certification mortgages.

This means buy-to-let lenders - and buy-to-let mortgage rates - have been badly hit by the US sub-prime meltdown and resulting loss of appetite for securitised debt.

As these lenders are currently battening down the hatches and trying to minimise ‘risky' lending, what does this mean for buy-to-let investors?

Where Next For Buy-To-Let?

With house prices falling, property investors hoping to make a quick buck look set for disappointment.

But even cautious buy-to-let landlords who are prepared to invest long-term may have difficulty entering the market or remortgaging existing investments.

Like home loans for owner-occupiers, buy-to-let mortgages are increasingly few and far between. According to Moneyfacts, the number of available buy-to-let mortgages stood at 3,362 last August but had plummeted to just 926 by the start of April.

So if you want a buy-to-let mortgage today, you would have 73% fewer deals to choose from.

As the market has shrunk, competition has fallen away, making the deals that are available more expensive and harder to qualify for.

Eligibility

In today's uncertain property market, buy-to-let lenders will want stronger assurances that you can afford to keep up your mortgage payments. They will judge this by looking at your rental income in relation to your mortgage payments.

In the past, many lenders would have considered you even if you only had 110% or even 100% rental cover, but today, most lenders will want 125%.

So if your mortgage payments were £1,000 a month, you would need to prove you could rent out the property for £1,250 before the lender would even consider offering you a mortgage.  

Even then, you may be refused if you do not have enough equity in the property. With house prices falling, lenders are now demanding bigger deposits from borrowers before they will agree to finance buy-to-let investments.

This could cause problems for investors who have built up their property portfolio through ‘gearing up' - releasing equity from properties that have gone up in value, then using it to buy more property.

Investors who have used this strategy are likely to own a handful of properties on which they owe considerable amounts, and so are at risk of falling into negative equity on several properties if house prices plummet.

That's why you will struggle now to find a lender offering to lend you 90% of the value of the property, and most of the deals with cheap rates will require more than a 15% deposit.

Costs

Rates on buy-to-let mortgages have increased dramatically since the credit crunch began, but there are still some decent deals available. In the table below, brokers at The Motley Fool Mortgage Service have rounded up the best they could find:

Lender

Rate

Scheme

Fee

Min. Deposit

Early Repayment Charges

Notes

Fixed Rates

Coventry

6.39%

Fixed until 30/06/11

£1,250

35%

4% of balance repaid, until 30/06/11.

Free valuation. Free legal work for remortgages.

Skipton

6.49%

Fixed until 30/04/11

£999

25%

Until 30/04/11.

Free valuation & legal work for remortgages.

Bristol & West

6.79%

Fixed until 31/05/13

£799

15%

5% of balance repaid, until 31/05/13

 
Variable Rates

Principality

5.74%

Base Rate +0.74% until 30/04/10 (so currently 5.74%) 

2.50%

40%

None

 

Nottingham

6.64%

Base Rate +1.64% for 3 years (so currently 6.64%)

£995

30%

2% of outstanding balance, for 3 years

Free legal work for remortgages.

Scarborough

6.79%

BoE +1.79% for 3 years (so currently 6.79%)

£1,295

15%

Variable, for 3 years

Free legal work for remortgages.

Source: The Motley Fool Mortgage Service 

If you're going to need a new mortgage on a buy-to-let property this year, it might be worth trying to secure a good deal now. Many mortgage providers will let you sign up for a product up to six months in advance.

Remember, in today's credit crunch climate, you have to act fast to secure the best deal, as lenders are withdrawing the market-leaders within weeks or even days.

It's also well worth using a whole-of-market broker to ensure you get the right kind of deal to suit your needs.

The End Of An Era?

Overall, it does seem that the buy-to-let boom might be over - at least for now.

Statistics from the Council of Mortgage Lenders confirm that buy-to-let investors are starting to struggle. The number who were behind on their mortgage payments by three months or more increased by 25% in the fourth quarter of last year, and repossessions rose by 26%.

On the other hand, it is worth remembering that buy-to-let properties should be viewed as long term investments, whose benefits will be felt over a period of at least 5-10 years.

Although landlords might face difficulties in the coming months, there's still every reason for them to think positively for the future.

What's more, in an increasingly tight mortgage market, more would-be first time buyers are being squeezed out. As less people manage to get their feet on the housing ladder, the rental market looks set to strengthen this year - a golden nugget of good news for existing buy-to-let investors.

While the buy-to-let bubble appears to have burst, it's unlikely to stay that way forever.

However, betting on buy-to-let right now is a gamble you might want to think twice about taking.

>Compare buy-to-let mortgages at The Motley Fool's Mortgage Comparison Centre

More: Landlords: The Best £20 You'll Ever Spend |Fool News: House Prices Still Falling | Six Smart Rules For Renters

Comments

The opinions expressed here are those of the individual writers and are not representative of The Motley Fool.

At 07:48 on May 01 2008, nailer69 said:

Wouldn't it have been useful for them to have provided the LTVs in the mortgage table? Most of the best deals are at 60% LTV now!

A balanced article nonetheless.

At 07:51 on May 01 2008, Superskuller said:

Markets move between fear and greed. Which phase are we entering now, I wonder?

Anyone reading this who is highly-geared needs to prepare for the prospect of a margin call (look it up) towards the end of summer 2008.

At 09:01 on May 01 2008, chasbmw said:

In Bath a couple of houses have had their advertising changed from 'good investment property' to 'ideal family home'

The Buy to lets that are on the market still seem to expect purchasors to buy on 4% gross yields, which is unmortgagable and a good way to finacial suicide.

The only way to BTL can work is off realistic yields and as rents are not going anywhere fast, that means that capital values have to fall a very long way.
Rent = £500 yield at 4% = £150K capital value
rent = £500 yield at 6% = £94K capital value.

Do the maths

charles

Rents are not going up

At 09:11 on May 01 2008, targetamillion said:

If Inside Track is a company, is is NOT facing bankruptcy, which happens to individuals not corporate entities; it might however face liquidation. As a financial website I do think TMF ought to be accurate about such things.

At 09:22 on May 01 2008, smartmo5 said:

I disagree with the doom and gloom and many other property investors are on the same outlook as me. I think that as the credit crunch takes an even bigger bite out of homeowners, there will be more demand for rental property as people give up their expensive homes. Many will be forced to sell below market value, giving investors an excellent chance to snap them up.
Like a lot of these things, it all depends upon knowing your market. Inside Track's business model was based on buying off plan and buying overseas and this has proved to be the dodgy area of property investment. I will be adding to my portfolio this year and the fewer people I have putting in counter offers for my target properties, the better.

At 09:54 on May 01 2008, marshside said:

chasbmw is right - yields are hopelessley low and have been for quite some time now. Why put your money into property for maybe as little as 2% net yield when you can get 6% (and no sleepless nights!) in the bank? Answer of course is to make a capital gain but you're into speculating now and people will get their fingers badly burnt. The difference between the property market now and in the early '90s is buy to let, where speculators prepared to take revenue losses in the hope of capital gains have kept the market at an unrealistically high level. When these people decide the time to get out is now, there could be a tidal wave of properties coming onto the market, with price falls to match.

At 10:01 on May 01 2008, Strebor19 said:

Like always, when market conditions get tough those that are over stretched will fail, leaving nice cheap pickings for the cash rich, which will make them even richer in the fullness of time. Buying in a depressed market if you can afford it is always the best time to buy, you can take your time to pick up a bargain without to much worry of being Guzumped, then sit back for a while until market conditions improve and see you asset jump in value. For sure there will be casualties from this Credit crunch, but also opportunities for the financially savvy. I for one am so pleased to hear of Inside Tracks problems, parasites seducing the gullible with get rich quick ideas, helping distort the market place that should be left to professionals and people with real money to invest, good riddance.

At 10:06 on May 01 2008, carloswhizz said:

Agreed Strebor19, liquidity is all in today's economy and those that have not overstretched themselves will be able to take advantage. Those who rushed into BTL without looking at the risks will be the ones who suffer. Sit tight and save your cash.

At 10:50 on May 01 2008, dprodr said:

The yield calculation can be highly misleading.

A better one is cash-on-cash return.

If you buy below-market-value you'll be putting less of your own money in and thereby increasing your effective yield.

In other words it all depends on how much of your own money you put into the property.

Personally I found this article much like the rest of the doom-mongering going on at the moment. True, the property market is changing, but what that means is you need to look at another strategy.

If you're looking for a quick buck, it's not going to happen, but then TMF never says you can make a quick buck in the stock market either.

At the end of the day, if you can weather the storm, property is still one of the best long term investments for a number of reasons - rental income, capital appreciation, tax sheltering and leverage.
You can be far more creative with property than you can with stocks, plus you have control.

Now's the time to start looking for bargains and getting ready for buying.

At 11:09 on May 01 2008, DaveLambert100 said:

Against the argument that people will bail out of exspensive properties and want to rent, increasing demand for on rental properties, may I refer you to the last big fall in the market where most expensive properties on the market were not snapped up. The market went stagnant and people were unable to move or forced to let out their properties if they needed to move, often at low rental incomes.
The fact is, I believe, that if sales of property slow (and they are), and prices fall (some commentators are now talking 30% fall in prices, which would not surprise me), then there is a large knock-on effect for the rental side as well.
If property does stagnate and fall in value then it is for sure, as another guy said earlier, there will be margin calls on buy-to-let mortgages as the mortgages go into negative equity, putting other assets or the buy-to-let business person at risk. It would not be hard to imagine a fair number of newer property companies going into liquidation with the properties being seized by banks who typically in the past have run up a lot of additional costs to take off the final selling price and leaving buy-to-letters in serious debt.
Rather you than me...

At 12:13 on May 01 2008, Cherrymoon said:

I do believe that for those of us that have been waiting for the bubble to burst the time is ripe for property picking. I have just picked up two houses for 48% less than they cost this time last year. As a result the mortgage company was more than happy as the rental is at 165%.

For people that invested with inside track, i think that the lesson is: it looked too good to be true and it was. Just to secure the two that i have just purchased I did three months research. Some may think that is an over kill, but better safe than sorry.

At 13:11 on May 01 2008, Jobird said:

Hi to everyone

BTL should have been a long term strategy for those involved. This is something I have banged on about for years on the boards. For those that have made short-term gains well good luck and well done. As a serious investor that is careful and has taken considered decisions I feel that since commencing I have done pretty well (I being me and Mrs Jobird). If I had followed the words of the anti-BTL brigade I would be around £1m of equity worse off. Am I afraid of losing this absolutely not because I am in this for the long haul and through the ages property has always been a sound investment and it always will be. Don't forget that to keep pace with demand between now and 2020 this country needs 3m NEW homes and if every space of brownfield and garden potentially developable garden area were developed this stills leaves a shortfall of 2m homes. These are government stats.

With regard to measurement of return well this is relevant in different ways at the end of the day it only matters if you are going to sell. Other than that the things that matter are; what did the property cost, how much deposit did you put in to make the deal work and was this worthwhile to you. I would say that if you are in it for the long haul the answer is that you do what you need to do to make a deal work and that works for you in your circumstances. The most importnat thing is not to overpay for the market conditions at the time of the deal. Right now I am ready to do a deal if the price is right but I am not seeing prices that are right at the moment.

Rents ARE moving up depending on the region. This is a typical supply and demand situation. ALL my rents have just been raised by around 4%. I raise my rents every year.

Being in BTL is a business and you should treat it as such and make business decisions. Some people in a business take greater riosks than others. Some make it big and some fail.

More about my portfolio.

The last rises took my exposure close to a subsidy position even though my gearing was just 65% of market pricing. the current falls mean that there is a small cash generation but in terms of equity growth I am a very happy bunnny. There is no other investment that I would be happy qwith that has proivided the benefits I have had.

I am in it for the long haul. Its a business and a busines has its ups and downs. I can ride the downside because I have been careful.

With regard to Inside Track I would say that they had a business model that they sold and people bought. Personally it would never have worked for me but if someone wants to pay me just half of Inside track fees I'll show them how to do BTL properly and for the long term..............

Cheers

Jobird and Mrs Jobird

At 13:22 on May 01 2008, hsb79 said:

I find this topic very interesting, but still more so that no-one seems to have yet mentioned that last time there was a 'housing crash', local councils owned and therefore rented out many properties. Someone made a reference to BTL owners saving everyone else council tax and although I now can't find that reference, I'm guessing this is what they are referring to. However, It is my understanding that they are no longer in a position to do this. So are we faced with more people wanting to rent, but fewer properties available to rent? If this is the case, I don't understand how "chasbmw" can say that rents won't rise. Will the rental market not then be in the position that the sales market has been that led to the bubble. So if most rents have to go up to cover increases in BTL mortgages, and house prices are dropping, doesn't this mean that some established landlords will be increasing their portfolios, like Cherrymoon mentioned and therefore the BTL market is the most likely to be sustained in this climate?

At 13:23 on May 01 2008, hakerite said:

Good for you Cherrymoon. There is a bigger picture here however and may prove uncomfortable to a wider sector and not just those involved in BTL's and property in general. Three facets weave their merry way - interest rates, rental incomes and purchase prices. Like many, I have graphs and statistics coming out of my ears - yes of course fewer properties available to rent equals greater demand for rentals. Rents will therefore increase, or will they. This general downturn in the economy will no doubt put considerable pressure on incomes and ultimately affect us all. I started my BTL portfolio in 1999 with strict parameters of a 14% yield and a 10% limit on interest rates - not clever, just simple maths. I hope we all can weather the storm.

At 13:53 on May 01 2008, chasbmw said:

Hsb79, Rents are limited to what people can pay, whether or not it is out of their earnings or through housing benefit. There is a limit and in a market with lots of individual landlords tenants can negotiate rents down wards. Due to divorce i have been renting for the last 4 years, over that time my rent has gone up from £625 to £650, way behind capital values and gives my landlord a Gross yield of around 4.5%.
Buying 'below value' is a bit of a fallacy as the price that you are willing to pay 'Is' market value. In a declining market valuers are going to be much more reluctant to 'overvalue' properties and the lenders are getting slightly more smart about stripping out developers inducements.
I quite agree that the BTL process can enable landlords to lever their capital to increase yields, however in a declining market, this leverage works in the other direction and rapidly increases risk as equity gets drained away by decreases in capital values. Lenders are asking for much higher loan to rent ratios and valuations will be decreasing and the result will be that highly leveraged BTLs will have to sell parts of their portfolios.

At 14:06 on May 01 2008, saigon63 said:

I keeping seeing the issue of MARGIN CALLS as stated by Superskuller - this is property we are discussing not options and am not sure what you are basing this comment on - I certainly do not know of any of my BTL mortgages incorporating this in the contract. I think this type of comment is jsut scaremongering.

I echo the sentiments of JObird - it is a business, some people are better managing risk than others. The people who were not qualified to run such business will fail now the times are more testing.

At 15:21 on May 01 2008, HeAintHeavy said:

Question:
1. Is the 125% rental cover on interest only or a repayment mortgage?
2. Are lenders happy to convert "normal" mortgages to BTL if you move house and want to keep it?

At 15:56 on May 01 2008, Strebor19 said:

Hi HeAintHeavy.

Question 1) I am no expert, but wouldnt the cover just be an agreed rental amount, irrespective of the Mortgage payments?

Question 2) A long time ago I had to work away for 2 years, so decided to rent out my house. I spoke to the Building society who were happy to convert to a BTL mortgage but wanted and extra 1% at that time. In the end I just let it out and didnt tell them! saving myself 1% Interest, and the hassle of converting back after 2 years. Not sure what they can do as long as you keep up your repayments? get any post forwarded on, so dont tell them you have moved. Anyway it worked for me for a predefined period of 2 years with no consequences, but there might be tighter rules now, and of course not above board as there would be sitting tenents which the BS would not like if they needed to reposes. Buy the way, it was the Manager at the Building society at the time who said "Off course not everyone tells us" and a nudge was as good as a wink.

At 16:14 on May 01 2008, tinkerbel01 said:

Let me share with you, my feelings on this.....I am a Lettings Manager in the Cambridgeshire area. I also have three BTL properties myself and I can confirm rents are definitely going up. There is a huge lack of supply of two & three bedroom properties in certain areas & a huge demand from prospective tenants. I feel now is an excellent time for investors (particulary the cash rich and for those who can get the BTL mortgages) to get a deal when buying and get the rents and the good yeilds. There is a very definite lack of investment Landlords around but those who are savvy enough should actually do very well in this market.

At 16:37 on May 01 2008, HeAintHeavy said:

thanks

At 17:31 on May 01 2008, chasbmw said:

A margin call is when you have BTL investments totalling let us say £1m valued last august and remortgaged on the basis that you had 20% equity in the property and had rental cover of 120%.
As an agressive BTL investor you have the bare minimum equity in the property because over the past the 5 years all the equity you have built up has gone into buying more properties.


You need to remortgage, Paragon have gone out of business and the new mortgage offer requires that you have 130% rental cover and 30% equity and the valuer [looking over his shoulder at his professional indemnity insurance premiums ]values your portfolio at £900K.

So you used to have £1m with £200K equity, you now have £900K with £100K equity. But you need £270K equity to get finance. This is the 'Margin call', unless you can find the extra £170K from somewhere else you will have to sell one of your properties.[for the sake of simplicity I have ignored the extra rental cover needed]
Some lenders are refusing to lend on new build properties and or 2 bed flats. Some are looking for 40% equity. It is all about risk and with a real danger of a collapse in capital values then the lenders are trying to minimise risk.

On rents with the new housing benefit regime you can see what the housing benefit will be for various types of properties, check the council web site.
4% rental increase on £500 a month rent won't go very far in paying increased interest and other costs. Finance costs on a 150K flat with 25% equity must be around £6700 a year. What is the use of renting a property to somebody who can'yt afford to buy it.

At 07:22 on