Most Shares Are Losers

Published in Investing Strategy on 23 June 2009

A recent study reveals an extraordinary finding. It really does highlight the need to invest your hard earned money into truly superior businesses.

Are most shares a loser's bet?

According to a recent Money magazine article in the US, a study from Dimensional Fund Advisors concluded that a mere 25% of the shares in the US market were responsible for all the gains from 1980 to 2008.

While the US market as a whole generated a 10.4% annualised return, take out these "superstocks" (Money's term), and the remaining 75% actually generated an annualised loss of 2.1% over these 28 years.

That's right: Three-quarters of US shares lost value. The same could be true of the UK market too.

If you think about it, the abundance of market losers actually makes sense -- just look at your local shopping centre or High Street. As the likes of Tesco (LSE: TSCO), J Sainsbury (LSE: SBRY) and Carphone Warehouse (LSE: CPW) eat up real estate and market share, smaller businesses struggle just to maintain a foothold. Many disappear. It's the nature of a free-market economy.

Winning Some, Losing Some

The study goes a long way toward explaining why most investors and fund managers fail to beat the averages. With 75% of shares losing money, even a skilful stock selector faces formidable odds.

That's why we at The Motley Fool have been saying for years that investors should park at least some of their portfolios in passive index tracking funds. By tracking large baskets of shares, these funds mirror the market's overall return, mitigating the 75% of losers with the 25% that outperform.

Between 1980 and 2008, being invested in a low-cost index fund would have given you excellent returns, without the risk of choosing individual stocks. The two decades between 1980 and 2000 were some of the best the stock market has ever seen, but since then the overall market has trended down (despite some spectacular bubbles along the way).

If you want to make money in more challenging markets -- like the one we're facing now -- you need to add timely individual shares selections to boost your returns.

And that means learning to tell the outperformers like Autonomy (LSE: AU) from the underperformers such as Blinkx (LSE: BLNX).

Finding The Gold Among The Dross

Some of the most important characteristics to seek when buying individual shares include:

  • A sustainable competitive advantage that protects the company's profits, be it patents, dominant market share, ownership of natural resources or network effects.

  • A reasonable start price -- if you overpay, it could be as bad as buying a losing business.

  • A management ethos that anticipates and adapts to change.

You Need to Adapt, Too

Notice that the key criteria involve investing in the best businesses -- not trading shares month-in and month-out. If you want to outperform, you need to hold core positions for the long term. When buying at good prices, it's only by owning superior companies over many years that you'll compound your invested pounds.

It's exactly the above criteria and philosophy that Maynard Paton uses when selecting the quality companies to recommend to members of The Motley Fool's Champion Shares premium stock picking service. If you'd like to take a peek at all his current buy recommendations, take out a free 30-day trial to the service. Click here for more information.

More on the economy and the markets:

> If you're in the market for buying shares, consider opening an online broker account with The Motley Fool's Share Dealing Service. You can buy and sell shares in real time for a flat rate of just £10. Click here to find out how you can open an account for free today. There is no obligation to trade.

> A version of this article was originally published on Fool.com. It has been updated by Bruce Jackson, who does not have an interest in any of the companies mentioned in this article.

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Comments

The opinions expressed here are those of the individual writers and are not representative of The Motley Fool. If you spot any comments that are unsuitable hit the flag to alert our moderators.

Terrapin1 23 Jun 2009 , 9:55am

The 75% rubbish shares? That'll be my portfolio. Who can tell the good from the bad? If it were simply a matter of learning how to read a balance sheet all accountants would be rich and would not be grubbing round working as trustees for bankrupts, or doing minicab drivers' accounts.
Some traders have done ok because they 'knew' something but for the rest of us the only thing that makes sense, in my 10 years' experience, is using charts. You at least can generate some criteria, finding support and resistance, and adapting when a new development takes place.
The debate about stops was made here recently, but it is the one big loser in the portfolio that negates profits.
You simply have to cut losses.
I failed to see Barclays as a buy, as it made no sense that it had fallen so far, it's still a good business, but we are in a new era.

keirfamily 23 Jun 2009 , 12:48pm

For once, I agree wholeheartedly with a Fool article. If you invested £1 in every start-up in the UK, year on year, do you really think you'd make a profit? The losers would sink your portfolio, I suspect. This doesn't show up on the indices (indexes, whatever) as they just ignore failures once they're off the lists.

Mind you, finding companies with that moat round their operations is difficult - and, too often, successful companies / sectors get raided by the government (remember the 'windfall taxes' on oil companies when they were doing well?). I'm beginning to believe that total return index trackers (and some bonds) are the only thing to be in. But even then, buying into new firms as they rise into the index - and selling out of losers as they drop out - will limit your progress.

I wonder if there's money to be made buying shares a week before they enter, say, the FTSE 100, and then selling them when all the tracker funds have to buy them? Or is someone already doing that? Just a thought.

Pedro105 23 Jun 2009 , 1:07pm

So where does this leave me. I am 62 years old and have just over £100,000 in my SIPP. There would have been more, but previous spells with Scottish Widows and Standard Life, have seen to at least £20,000.

My SIPP provider only gives a miserly return on my funds, and expects me to invest in the equities and bond market to get a better return. I do not want to wait to retire before the market picks up.

lotontech 23 Jun 2009 , 1:36pm

A couple of thoughts on keirfamily's comments:

"If you invested £1 in every start-up in the UK, year on year, do you really think you'd make a profit? The losers would sink your portfolio, I suspect."

-- Only if you kept holding the losers. Why not invest £1 in every startup and apply a stop order at say -20%? The bad eggs would get stopped out and the good stocks would survive. It's not an exact science, so don't take me too literally ;-)

"I wonder if there's money to be made buying shares a week before they enter, say, the FTSE 100, and then selling them when all the tracker funds have to buy them? Or is someone already doing that? Just a thought."

-- Stop wondering, and give it a go. But you might be disappointed because you will not be the only person in the world to have thought of this strategy :-(

Jbat001 23 Jun 2009 , 2:09pm

To Pedro105:

£100,000 is a huge pension fund by most people's standards. SIPPs are a highly specialised form of pension wrapper and are not suitable for everyone. It's natural that they would expect you to invest in some real assets, as the SIPP bank account will only pay a rate of interest that is in line with the currently puny base rate.

If you're wary of equities, there are lots of SIPP eligible investments that are much less volatile but will still give you a good return. What about government bonds? Structured Products? For someone at age 62, there is no way you should be putting all the fund, or even half the fund in equities.

You sometimes see this on television when someone five years from retirement claims that they had lost a quarter of their pension fund, but then admits that they were 100% invested in equities. You need to make your fund increasingly defensively positioned as you move closer to retirement.

TheHeroTheDavid 23 Jun 2009 , 4:32pm

Jbat001

I can't see how £100K is a big pension fund!

At age 62 it would only given an index linked pension of £4,000! If 25% were taken out upon retirement, £3,000.

So, imagine retiring at 65: this would give a pension of £3,200 plus a state pension of £4,940, or combined £8,140. Without any pension provision i.e someone who had never worked, the minimum would be £6,760.

Hardly seems worth providing for does it? Especially as you probably own your own house too, & someone who'd never worked would still be able to claim £6,000 rent.

If you're not in a FS scheme, you are screwed.Another thing they dodn't close for those B*stard banks.

Pedro105 - work as long as you can, because any money may be tough to come by in the next 10 years - as the golden aged of debt fuelled stupidity will only result in hardship inflation & probably war like every other collapse has. Commodities like oil, gas,gold, silver & arable land will be the most secure sectors.

TheHeroTheDavid 23 Jun 2009 , 4:33pm

Jbat001

I can't see how £100K is a big pension fund!

At age 62 it would only given an index linked pension of £4,000! If 25% were taken out upon retirement, £3,000.

So, imagine retiring at 65: this would give a pension of £3,200 plus a state pension of £4,940, or combined £8,140. Without any pension provision i.e someone who had never worked, the minimum would be £6,760.

Hardly seems worth providing for does it? Especially as you probably own your own house too, & someone who'd never worked would still be able to claim £6,000 rent.

If you're not in a FS scheme, you are screwed.Another thing they dodn't close for those B*stard banks.

Pedro105 - work as long as you can, because any money may be tough to come by in the next 10 years - as the golden aged of debt fuelled stupidity will only result in hardship inflation & probably war like every other collapse has. Commodities like oil, gas,gold, silver & arable land will be the most secure sectors.

jab666 23 Jun 2009 , 5:58pm

@Thehero.....

Couldn't agree more....the bit about benefits. you would need a lump some of nearly 1/2 million (sounds more than 500k!)to buy an inflation safe annuity that would equal the value of: pension credit + rent + council tax...and that's a single person!

Mr Grumpy

sammysambrook 23 Jun 2009 , 7:04pm

The only advantage of creating your own fund is that you have some financial independence. Pension credits etc are at the whim of the government. I do agree though that if you can't create a fund worth at least £200K it may not be worth bothering at all. How depressing...

gordonbanks42 23 Jun 2009 , 7:46pm

@keirfamily: The tracker operators have wizard schemes in place to avoid having the market "see them coming" when the composition of a major index is changed. I wouldn't bet good money on being able to exploit their need to buy or sell, if I were you.

Hmmn 23 Jun 2009 , 11:18pm

Hate to be a pedant, but 75% of the market giving an annualised loss of 2.1% does not support the title "Most Shares Are Losers", however catchy that might be. For the latter to be true then (rather obviously) >50% of shares all need to lose. These two statements are patently not the same thing.

pb567 24 Jun 2009 , 11:18am

The main thing you can do for the future is to make sure your kids never ever vote for this lot again, regardless of how bad things seem on the other side.

Never has one person almost singlehandedly presided over such a devastation of the British national and personal finances, and then proudly given us all the biggest debt we've ever had, which has a fair possibility of getting the country downgraded in the international finance markets, and becoming seriously unsustainable.

And then the cheek of chastiding us to save and invest for our future, while raiding the pension investments, selling off national assets for a song, fuelling the crazy mortgage market, and creating a state dependency culture where unless you really stick to your principles (or you're fairly rich, see above) its just not worth investing anything. And if nobody bothers, its going to be a pretty poor show, isn't it ?

brightncheerful 24 Jun 2009 , 11:37am

The only thing I find extraordinary about the finding of the research is that people find it extraordinary that most businesses are losers. That's the nature of competition, a few winners (one in each market sector) and the rest losers. Which is why, using the example of the commercial property market, I think landlords that are helping to bail out troubled retailers by allowing them rent concessions and so on are interfering with market forces.

The thing about companies that have been up with the leaders but may now be falling behind is that where they were did not mean that was their rightful place. Too many businesses are run on borrowed money which if not managed properly can destroy shareholder value.

What the private investor suffers from is a lack of uninformed long-term and critical thinking. There is too much not wanting to hurt the feelings of hype. The way to be a winner is to have foresight, to anticipate change and act accordingly, so as to never come unstuck. Too many CEOs are only there for the ride and the perks and when the going gets tough they get going somewhere else.

The finance services industry excels at hype. In my opinion, when you read between the lines and listen to what is not being said, you want a positive feeling. Anything else is investment based on wishful-thinking.

zeroth 24 Jun 2009 , 3:32pm

The tricky thing is judging when to sell shares that you have bought. if you don't know how to do that & don't wish to pay for some quite possibly worthless or worse advice, stick to the trackers.

I have been looking at the portfolio of someone who has recently died and had not sold for many years: it contains an amazing number of rubbish shares (including RBS) counterbalanced by one star - GlaxoSmithKleinBeecham.

Fingered 30 Jun 2009 , 12:16am
Fingered 30 Jun 2009 , 12:16am

Dross from the keyboard

figurewizard 09 Jul 2009 , 8:47am

At times like these the first question I am asking myself when considering what shares to invest in is: 'Where's the growth going to come from?'

That means that the current oil bubble is out for the moment for example and that banks might ironically be one of the answers.

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