A recent study reveals an extraordinary finding. It really does highlight the need to invest your hard earned money into truly superior businesses.
Are most shares a loser's bet?
According to a recent Money magazine article in the US, a study from Dimensional Fund Advisors concluded that a mere 25% of the shares in the US market were responsible for all the gains from 1980 to 2008.
While the US market as a whole generated a 10.4% annualised return, take out these "superstocks" (Money's term), and the remaining 75% actually generated an annualised loss of 2.1% over these 28 years.
That's right: Three-quarters of US shares lost value. The same could be true of the UK market too.
If you think about it, the abundance of market losers actually makes sense -- just look at your local shopping centre or High Street. As the likes of Tesco (LSE: TSCO), J Sainsbury (LSE: SBRY) and Carphone Warehouse (LSE: CPW) eat up real estate and market share, smaller businesses struggle just to maintain a foothold. Many disappear. It's the nature of a free-market economy.
Winning Some, Losing Some
The study goes a long way toward explaining why most investors and fund managers fail to beat the averages. With 75% of shares losing money, even a skilful stock selector faces formidable odds.
That's why we at The Motley Fool have been saying for years that investors should park at least some of their portfolios in passive index tracking funds. By tracking large baskets of shares, these funds mirror the market's overall return, mitigating the 75% of losers with the 25% that outperform.
Between 1980 and 2008, being invested in a low-cost index fund would have given you excellent returns, without the risk of choosing individual stocks. The two decades between 1980 and 2000 were some of the best the stock market has ever seen, but since then the overall market has trended down (despite some spectacular bubbles along the way).
If you want to make money in more challenging markets -- like the one we're facing now -- you need to add timely individual shares selections to boost your returns.
And that means learning to tell the outperformers like Autonomy (LSE: AU) from the underperformers such as Blinkx (LSE: BLNX).
Finding The Gold Among The Dross
Some of the most important characteristics to seek when buying individual shares include:
- A sustainable competitive advantage that protects the company's profits, be it patents, dominant market share, ownership of natural resources or network effects.
- A reasonable start price -- if you overpay, it could be as bad as buying a losing business.
- A management ethos that anticipates and adapts to change.
You Need to Adapt, Too
Notice that the key criteria involve investing in the best businesses -- not trading shares month-in and month-out. If you want to outperform, you need to hold core positions for the long term. When buying at good prices, it's only by owning superior companies over many years that you'll compound your invested pounds.
It's exactly the above criteria and philosophy that Maynard Paton uses when selecting the quality companies to recommend to members of The Motley Fool's Champion Shares premium stock picking service. If you'd like to take a peek at all his current buy recommendations, take out a free 30-day trial to the service. Click here for more information.
More on the economy and the markets:
> If you're in the market for buying shares, consider opening an online broker account with The Motley Fool's Share Dealing Service. You can buy and sell shares in real time for a flat rate of just £10. Click here to find out how you can open an account for free today. There is no obligation to trade.
> A version of this article was originally published on Fool.com. It has been updated by Bruce Jackson, who does not have an interest in any of the companies mentioned in this article.