Stearns Goes Pear Shaped...Who's Next?
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It had to happen.
The US version of Northern Rock. Sort of.
For days, investors and central bankers had become ever more nervous about the collateral damage from both subprime shocks and credit market constipation on financial institutions.
And now Bear Stearns, the fifth-largest US securities firm, has been forced into a Fed (US Federal Reserve) funded bailout.
Leaving the big question on everyone's lips: Who's Next?
Regular readers are probably bored to tears with my ongoing salvo of articles about mangled American mortgage providers and failed hedge funds.
Until now, these stories may have seemed sufficiently distant for us not to need to worry too much. Even though the arcane world of complex financial products has periodically escaped from its lair in the money section onto the front page of the paper, for many this is just a temporary aberration.
Though when banks in the planet's biggest economy start going bust, the UK general public can be forgiven for getting more than a bit worried.
Short term, the problem has been solved by JPMorgan Chase taking over Bear Stearns for $2 per share, a 93% discount to Friday's closing price, and taking on $30bn of Bear's mortgage-backed securities, all funded by the US central bank. And the Fed has cut the discount rate, at which it lends to banks, by 0.25% to 3.25%.
Stearns suffered some $17bn in customer withdrawals last week, according to Bloomberg, so only direct Fed action could save it.
But Stearns isn't the only big name US bank in trouble. And such a massively discounted bailout has fuelled fears that the Bear balance sheet is completely shot to bits, with the likelihood that other institutions could be in a similar state.
So who's next on the list?
I'll be monitoring some of those companies that are already in the guano, like Citigroup, as well as keeping a weather eye on imminent earnings announcements. On Tuesday, it's Goldman Sachs' turn. The investment banking grandee is widely expected to ‘fess up to a 50% fall in first quarter earnings and a write-down of $3bn. Morgan Stanley reports on Wednesday.
Yet the word on Wall Street is that Lehman Brothers could be the one. The shares are already down 25% in early trading. Lehman has a large fixed-income business and was a major player in the mortgage-backed securities market. Last week, the cost of buying credit insurance on Lehman jumped to a record high.
If this all develops into a big-style banking crisis, there will be many knock-on effects. Counterparty risk, i.e. the chance of the chap on the other side of the trade not being able to settle the deal, becomes almost the main consideration. Imagine backing the Grand National winner, then discovering the bookie can't pay up because he's run out of money.
Markets are in danger of freezing up completely.
And what happens then? Everyone dashes for cash.
Lenders are already demanding that borrowers either put up more collateral to secure their loans, or cut debts by selling assets. It's like there's a giant margin call on a heavily indebted US financial system. And any asset that can be sold, may have to be.
That could include shares in London. The FTA All Share index is now selling on a 4% yield for the first time since the lows of the post-dotcom bubble. Historically, something of a ‘buy' signal, you might think.
Maybe it is. But with risk levels rising rapidly, it's a brave man who ploughs his ‘hard-earned' into the stock market right now.
Note that the UK's ‘jitters' barometer, 3-month LIBOR (the London interbank offered rate at which banks lend to each other), reached 5.96% today. That's the highest since the panic when the Crock hit the rocks. Watch this space!
Of course, whichever financial institution fails next, the biggest losers everywhere, including here in Britain, will be consumers.
Interest rates may be dropping, but inflation is in danger of running out of control. And banks badly scarred by all their loan losses are going to be very reluctant to lend money to anyone who really needs the stuff.
Never is the famous old adage likely to be more apposite: "When it's sunny, the banks will happily offer you umbrellas; when it starts to rain, they'll soon take them away again".
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