How Much Tax Will You Pay?

Published in Investing on 1 May 2012

Our beginners' series on investment moves on to look at tax.

In this series on investment for beginners, we've already looked at the direct costs of buying and selling shares, and we've seen that they're much lower today than they have been in the past, and are affordable by just about anyone who can afford to save some money.

But what about taxes on investment income?

Dividends are liable to income tax at your marginal rate, but they're paid with a tax credit of 10% already taken off. So if you are not in a higher-rate tax bracket, you won't have to pay anything additional. But if you are, you will need to declare your dividends on your tax return and pay the difference.

Capital gains

Things are different when it comes to tax on share-price increases, because that falls under capital gains tax. And the nice thing there is that we each have an annual tax-free allowance in addition to our income tax allowances.

Currently, individuals enjoy a £10,600 tax-free allowance, so you won't pay capital gains tax until you exceed that threshold in any one year. That might sound a lot, but if you're starting to invest today with a 20- or 30-year horizon, by the time you retire you could easily be earning a lot more than that per year.

Capital gains tax is only payable when you dispose of your shares, and there's nothing to pay on increases in the values of shares that you continue to hold. But when you do sell, you still only have one year's allowance to use, for the year in which you sell. If you hold shares for 10 years and then sell them, you don't get 10 years' worth of allowance.

Bed and breakfast

For that reason, people will often sell a shareholding in order to crystalise a capital gain and write it off under that year's allowance, and then reinvest the money in the same (or different) shares some time afterwards. It's a practice known as "bed and breakfasting", and for years people would sell shares on the last day of the financial year and buy them back the next day.

The government didn't like that, and changed the rules so that if you sell shares and then re-buy the same ones within 30 days, it still counts as the original holding and gains don't qualify for your capital gains allowance. But you should still be okay provided you wait at least 30 days from selling before you buy the shares again. We have more detailed information on disposal rules relating to capital gains tax here.

Pay no tax at all?

Of course, if you want to avoid capital gains tax altogether, you just need to buy your shares inside an ISA. For the 2012-13 tax year, you can invest up to £11,280 in a shares ISA, and you won't pay a penny in capital gains tax, no matter how much the shares rise or how long you hold them. Sadly, you can't reclaim the tax already taken from dividends, but at least you won't be eligible for any higher rate tax on them.

Finally, before we leave, it's good to be reminded of an old saying, that you should never let the tax tail wag the investment dog. That means we should put the quality of an investment ahead of its tax implications -- it's better to pay tax on a good investment than not pay tax on a bad one.

An questions? Feel free to ask, below.

At last -- a special free report that introduces novices to shares! "What Every New Investor Needs To Know" is helping Britain invest. Better.

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Comments

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Stevokenevo 01 May 2012 , 12:44pm

So if im a basic rate tax payer and only have a small amount currently invested, do i need an ISA or is it only when i have much more invested that it becomes necessary?

Alligin5 01 May 2012 , 1:12pm

You say paid with a tax credit of 20% taken off
I belive it should be 10%

kevinksa 01 May 2012 , 1:21pm

Stevokenevo.. I'd pop any amount into an ISA which saves paying taxman anything when you sell the share, you never know you might pick a multi bagger!

TMFBoing 01 May 2012 , 1:27pm

So if im a basic rate tax payer and only have a small amount currently invested, do i need an ISA or is it only when i have much more invested that it becomes necessary?

I still think it's still worth using an ISA, because over the course of a few decades your initially small amount could easily turn into something quite impressive - and as kevinksa says, you never know when you might pick an unexpected winner.

Also, bear in mind that you can't transfer shares into an ISA later - you'd have to sell up, pay in the cash, and then buy new shares.

Foolish best,
Alan
TMFBoing

TMFBoing 01 May 2012 , 1:29pm

You say paid with a tax credit of 20% taken off
I belive it should be 10%


Oops, sorry, yes - I'll get that corrected.

Foolish best,
Alan
TMFBoing

Snorvey 01 May 2012 , 2:34pm

But if you are, you will need to declare your dividends on your tax return and pay the difference.

It also turns out that you'll have to declare investment income outside of an ISA of more than 10k per annum even if you're a basic rate taxpayer - even if there is no further tax to pay.

Keep it in an ISA - it reduces the paperwork.

ANuvver 01 May 2012 , 5:48pm

The traditional wisdom with ISAs is to stuff them full of fixed-income assets.

Returns from bonds are classified as income and taxed accordingly, unless they're in an ISA. In practice, this means that you have to add what you receive from bond investments to your salary for the purposes of reporting income tax. Unless they're in an ISA, where the returns are invisible to the Revenue.

For now. ISAs have been raided before.

Mari11ion 01 May 2012 , 7:26pm

It does of course cost you fees to hold shares in an ISA, so if you are a basic rate taxpayer you might actually be worse off. Often the trading costs of shares within an ISA are higher than otherwise too. Small holdings might be better not in an ISA for standard rate taxpayers. If you did get a multibagger, you don't have to crystalise all of the capital gain in the same tax year. Split it either side of the tax year end and your capital gains allowance is double.

Greentrident 01 May 2012 , 7:56pm

Also as I understand it the ISA rules mean AIM shares can only be held in your ISA if they're listed on another exchange - something to consider if you're looking for the next multi-bagger!

goodlifer 01 May 2012 , 11:56pm

Even if you don't see any gain in wrapping your shares in an ISA, I can't see how you stand to lose.
Never forget, all governments love moving goalposts.

ANuvver 02 May 2012 , 12:17am

Mari11ion -

Some share ISAs are available on a zero-fee basis above a certain holding level. Worth investigating.

snikmij 02 May 2012 , 1:21pm

The companies that provide these share ISA's, from the few I looked at, have a percentage charge for there use, so why would I want invest in one of those?

hughWebber 02 May 2012 , 2:45pm

If you have an HSBC account both their ISA share account and the vanilla one are free and trading costs are reasonable.

I have no other connection with HSBC

apprenticeDRL 02 May 2012 , 7:46pm

I hold my trading ISA with HSBC Direct and I can confirm that there are no charges apart from trading that is, and these are OK ish £12 per trade

ANuvver 03 May 2012 , 12:25am

TDW's Trading ISA has zero management fee as long as the market value of the contents remains above £5,100.

The commission structure is the same as their non-ISA accounts, £12.50 per trade basic.

RobinnBanks 03 May 2012 , 12:41am

Interactive Investor does not charge ISA admin fees, and commission is £10 a trade online.
SIPP Deal also does not charge ISA fees, and I believe their commission is about £10 online.
There are other brokers who do not charge ISA admin fees; look them up on Google or Yahoo!

Selftrade charges £35+VAT per year ISA admin fee, but allows you three free trades, normally £12.50 each online; so not much difference.
Jarvis Investment Management used to do some free ISAs; ask them if they still do.
Hargreaves Lansdown charges 0.5% ISA admin, capped at £45 p.a.
Motley Fool charges for ISA admin and uses Halifax brokers who seem to do some free or cheap ISAs: ask them.

Leofink 03 May 2012 , 7:18am

Can anyone inform me what the tax obligations are for a foreigner investing in the UK are please?

RobinnBanks 03 May 2012 , 5:47pm

Best ask the HMRC tax office Leo.

richardtrump 12 Jun 2012 , 3:19pm

Are dividends liable for tax if they're re-invested in shares? (outside of a an ISA)

Gengulphus 17 Aug 2012 , 9:25pm

Alan,

For that reason, people will often sell a shareholding in order to crystalise a capital gain and write it off under that year's allowance, and then reinvest the money in the same (or different) shares some time afterwards. It's a practice known as "bed and breakfasting", and for years people would sell shares on the last day of the financial year and buy them back the next day.

All they needed to do was sell the shares late one day and buy them early the next day - hence the "bed and breakfasting" name. There was nothing special about the last day of the financial year in that respect.

Leofink,

Can anyone inform me what the tax obligations are for a foreigner investing in the UK are please?

They are likely to have tax obligations both in their own country and in the UK. Usually, whatever tax they have had to pay in the UK can be offset against the tax in their own country - but it depends on details of tax treaties between the countries and there are few absolutely across-the-board rules. Best thing for them to do is contact both HMRC and their own country's tax authorities, or use a specialist tax adviser.

richardtrump,

Yes, just like any other income, dividends are usually liable to tax when paid, and whether they are then used to buy shares or for some other purpose doesn't usually make any difference to the tax payable.

Gengulphus

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