Should We Give Married Couples A Tax Break?

Published in Investing on 25 January 2010

Tax relief for married couples has become a hot pre-election topic.

As we build up to the election, one area in which the Tories are keen to shore up their position is the promotion of marriage. Indeed, they are offering new tax breaks to try and prop up the dwindling numbers of marriages in the UK.

But is it worth getting married, from a tax perspective? It certainly used to have its fiscal (if not always conjugal) benefits, but is there any plus side today? And will the Tories' plans make any difference?

The Way We Were

There used to be an actual tangible cash benefit to being married. Back in the dark days before independent taxation (did it really take until 1990 to realise women were separate people?) married man's allowance was an extended personal allowance, giving a total tax free sum of up to £4,375 in 1989/90. 

From 1990 onwards, wives were allowed their own allowance, so the additional married element was separately quantified as £1,720 per annum and renamed married couple's allowance, but it was still awarded to the man unless a contrary claim was made.

However, the start of the decline in the value of marriage began in 1994/95, when the rate at which the allowance was given began to be restricted. In 1994/95 the maximum rate of relief was 20%; this was reduced to 15% the following year before a 10% rate was introduced in 1998/99. This meant that, by the time the married couple's allowance was abolished (except for for the very old) on 6 April 2000, being married was worth a whopping £197. Per year.

But this was not the start of the country's moral decline. For some years prior to the eventual removal of the married couple's allowance, taxpayers had been able to claim an allowance exactly equal to that of married couples, provided they were single parents. Shock horror.

The replacement model

Of course, in the swings and roundabouts world of politics, the removal of these (pitiful) reliefs needed to be replaced with something bigger and better. And so the supremely ill-fated Children's Tax Credit was introduced. It was so poorly (thought out?) it only lasted one year before it too was replaced with the Child Tax Credit we have today.

As the name suggests, Child Tax Credit offers no reward for being married, simply for having children. Indeed, the way benefits are calculated, claimants are often better off being single than part of a couple (married or unmarried), as joint income is taken into consideration.

There are other tax benefits to being married though, particularly when it comes to investments. For example, there is the capital gains tax-free transfer of assets and transferable nil rate band for inheritance tax. It's always handy to have someone to take the bins out too, but there's nothing that properly recognises those brave souls taking the plunge.

The new and improved version?

The Conservatives draft manifesto states categorically that "We will recognise marriage and civil partnerships in the tax system in the next Parliament" as Dave thinks it is important to have a "symbolic recognition of the value of marriage."

The actual detail of this 'recognition' is currently unclear; Mr Cameron has already had to rein in his sweeping statements that benefits will apply to all married couples, and the latest news is that the tax break will only apply to married couples with children under three where one of the couple stays home, or earns less than £6,500 a year.

Call me cynical, but surely those homes where one parent can afford to stay at home are perhaps not the most deserving? Coupled (pun intended) with other tax increases tabled by the Tories, it is likely, according to the current Government, that most married couples will actually end up out of pocket. But then they would say that.

What do you think? I am a married person with a child under three and I stay at home (OK I work but how will they know that?!), but I do not think marriage ought necessarily to be recognised in this way. Would a small grant of say £150 to cover the registrar's costs be a better way of encouraging new members into this veritable institution, removing the excuse that they can't afford it? But then we would have the debate on whether it would become repayable on divorce…

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Comments

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Chinga1 25 Jan 2010 , 5:10pm

Sam,

It is rather glib of you to say that:

"surely those homes where one parent can afford to stay at home are perhaps not the most deserving?"

Many such couples (myself and my wife included) have valued home child care over and above material possessions and we have had to make many sacrifices in order to be able to survive as a family on a single salary. Our children are our first priority and we consider it more important to give them an upbrininging based on one parent being there for them, than it is to have the satellite TV, annual foreign holiday and new car.

You assumption that couples who fall into this category are somehow well off shows a real ignorance of the reality, which is that those couples in our situation have most likely had to change their lifestyle in order to be there for the children.

Ultimately it is for all of us to decide how we prioritise our time - child care or work. However, the ill-informed opinions expressed in this article do no credit to you.

samthewlis 25 Jan 2010 , 5:28pm

Chinga

You are right, it was an off the cuff remark, but it was intended to be representative of the arguments put forward in opposition to the Tories plans, not necessarily my own feelings on the matter.

For the record, I personally gave up a high paying job to become a freelance writer so I could be there for my own children. And I have a 9 year old car, no fancy holidays and freeview TV :)

BarrenFluffit 25 Jan 2010 , 6:48pm

It could be argued that this proposed measure discriminates against unmarried couples. But in tax policy I want to see achievable economically rational objectives; any fool can give money away. In addition its a much larger administrative burden.

alucarDrM 25 Jan 2010 , 7:32pm

Why on earth *should* married couples get another tax break?

Couple's living together, married or not, already get a 1/3 discount on their council tax (100% on one house vs 75% on two houses,) alongside all the economies of scale that come with it. One set of standing charges on utilities, only one house to warm, etc.

And I notice that all this talk of tax breaks for 'married' couples conveniently ignore the other legal union between two people that isn't called 'marriage.'

Those with kids already get their own tax breaks, totally separate from marriage. Indeed, some people have so many kids that they don't even *need* to work due to the handouts they get: http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/news/652399/The-Lolly-and-the-Skive-y.html

alucarDrM 25 Jan 2010 , 8:12pm

Edit: I realise that Civil Partnerships did get mentioned in this article, however most of the articles I've seen on this haven't.

Bunapa 26 Jan 2010 , 8:38am

I do not believe any government will introduce a significant increase in allowance/benefit for married couples, or indeed an increase for anyone after the next election. Some people have already been affected by cuts/increased tax (admittedly high earners) and I am inclined to think these will continue.

WealthyInvestor 26 Jan 2010 , 9:42am

AlucarDrM, Have I missed something only I am not aware that married or co-habiting couples are entitled to any discount whatsoever in regard to Council Tax. You refer to a '1/3 discount'? Single people are entitled to a discount under current policy. I am not aware of any discount for co-habitation where the full Council Tax amount is always liable. Perhaps you could clarify that for me?

Your argument about 'economies of scale' is a highly arguable one. You are negating all of the additional costs in your comments, significantly increased bills, children (should there be any) requiring a Buffet-like budget to raise etc, and I can assure you that as a parent who earns above any amount that would entitle me to any benefits of any kind, there are no 'breaks' that would make children a 'cost effective' investment. They are, however, the best thing in the world.

Ironically your argument about economies of scale is actually lending support to partnerships/marriage/relationships due to your suggestion of efficiency gains, which kind of contradicts your point doesn't it? If we follow your argument through then it could be suggested that single people should be taxed even higher as part of an environmental policy to reduce carbon emissions. I mean how can you single people all be so selfish? Get in a relationship and sacrifice like the rest of us.
:)

But seriously, I am reluctant to support any economic policy based on social lifestyle factrors like relationships, but welcome any policy that intelligently helps anyone who is making a contribution but struggling to achieve their aspirations.

freeKNomad 26 Jan 2010 , 1:06pm

What do I think?

I'm in favour of full income splitting for any married couple with children. That is, that the combined income of the spouses would be added together and then divided by two, so that each spouse may take advantage of all tax allowances to their fullest extent.

This would hugely reduce the tax burden of couples where one couple either stays at home to look after small children or works part-time.

Why am I in favour of this?

1) A demographic time bomb is about to mow us down as the hippy dippy sixties kids are approach retirement age. They didn't have enough children to pay their pensions. The only solution is to encourage more children.

2) The key factor discouraging people from having children is cost, especially in a country like Britain. The cost of childcare in particular is extortionate. Often, women will return to work after having a child only to find that almost the entirety of their salary goes to child care. This is nuts.

3) The scientific evidence is overwhelming. Children bloom, if for the first few years most of their care is given by one person and they form a strong bond with their mother. Usually this person is the mother. I know of one child psychologist, top in her field, who knew this evidence extremely well. So strongly was she convinced, that she quit her job until her youngest was going to school.

4) We've tried the social engineering, we've tried state child care, the Soviet Union did it on a massive scale. It has all failed. All the evidence points in one direction; the best unit for human procreation is the family. Society needs to recognise this and support it. If it doesn't the entire state will come crumbling down and our societies with it.

djpreston 26 Jan 2010 , 1:08pm

Chinga's spot on.

Some people (like my wife and I) made exactly the same decision. One stays at home to look after the kids for the first few vital years before they go off to school first time. Feeling that personal care at home with the parent is better for their long term well being than being foisted off into a nursery from 6 months. Whats wrong with the idea that the person staying at home is "valued" by having some nominal tax allowance that can be offset against the working parent?

What I dont fully understand is why so many choose to return to work so quickly when their childcare costs eat up virtually all of their salary anyway?

Then again, the tax system is daft anyway when two people earnign much less than I do actually end up with a higher net income than me (and receive benefits).

djpreston 26 Jan 2010 , 1:18pm

Well said FreeKNomad (better said than my effort).

mahdave 26 Jan 2010 , 3:58pm

There is no harm in giving the MARRIED couples a higher Tax Code if (a but IF) that encourages them to remain married and give the chidlren a SOLID BASE. Most troublesome kids come from broken homes.
BUT I know from my 69 odd
years' experience that this "bribe" comes around every so often and that the politicans use this "tool" every couple of decades. So remember, they are not doing anything from the "goodness of their hearts".
How about reducing tax codes for the "broken marriage parties" because as it is, both the partners get single person's tax allowances + the one with the children gets National Budget breaking allowances and benefits because most also plead poverty anyway.

hypnotherapist 26 Jan 2010 , 4:06pm

Is a huusband (or wife) responsible in any way for his/her spouse? When I was younger, my wife was at home looking after four children while I had to earn enough for all of us. Across the road, a couple (married or not, it doesn't matter) had no children and both worked, earning much more than I was but paying much less tax - two personal allowances, nothing taxed at 40%.

OK, so that is fair if everybody is an individual with no absolute responsibility for anyone else but my wife with no earnings was not entitled to the benefits a single woman with children was entitled to. If she wanted to go into education the financial support she would be entitled to would be based on MY earnings. If I am legally responsible for my providing for my non-earning wife then I should get tax allowances to cover it. The obvious answer is shared allowances.

djpreston 26 Jan 2010 , 5:23pm

Absolutely right Hypno.

Benefits etc are assessed on a household income basis (gross), which is unfair when you have, as in your case (and mine) a higher rate taxpayer with one set of allowances vs 2 allowances. Net income would be a fairer (and more obvious) calculation but why isn't it?

You end up with a higher rate taxpayer household paying a lot more tax, some of which goes back to the joint allowance household (with higher net income) as benefits!!

Insane.

qalimohammed 26 Jan 2010 , 5:44pm

There is a simple way . if both of you work you should get your own allounce if one of you work he or she gets both allounces added together simple as that.

AdAstra100 26 Jan 2010 , 5:47pm

Dave messed up again by linking relief to marriage and exposed himself badly to the social engineers in Nu Labour. Actually, it is a question of FAIRNESS and choice. It just so happens that married couples and civil partners by showing commitment to a choice of having one parent stay at home are being punished because one of them may not be able to claim his/her RIGHT to their personal allowance. This is wrong. By staying at home another job is made available for someone else so income tax will still be generated. The basis for marriage allowance was effectively as a transferable allowance why cannot personal allowance be the same?

Ham fisted and naive Conservative have done it again. Wake up Dave!

jegwe 27 Jan 2010 , 1:37pm

My wife died when my children were very young (They are now grown up). At the time there was an equivalent Single Parent tax allowance, which meant that I did not lose out on tax.

Labour abolished that. As a higher rate income tax payer (just) I also had to pay more tax on interest on my savings, which was deducted from my single person’s tax allowance. A couple earning my income between them would not have paid higher rate tax and would have received two full tax allowances. I also had to pay a 50% surcharge on my Council Tax. I know it is presented as a 25% discount, but when one person is paying it, it is actually a 50% surcharge.

Also, Child Benefit is payable at incomes of up to £60K for couples, but only up to £40K for single parents, so I lost out there as well.

Even bigger losers would be those where one parent chose not to work in order to look after the children. They would pay even more Council Tax and the earning parent would have to support the non-earning parent as well as the children.

Hardly a fair system or one designed to reduce poverty.

A fair system would be one which looked at family income, whether or not the parents were married and which gave a family tax allowance, with an equivalent (as previously) for anyone who was unfortunate enough to lose their partner.

AdAstra100 27 Jan 2010 , 4:54pm

Jegwe,

I was in a similar position and, like you, I got Additional Personal Allowance. When I remarried 5 years later, my new wife did not work and I lost my additional personal allowance because I remarried for the me an my childrens' sake. That was not fair.

I do believe that the family should be encouraged and so if two people commit to each other to raise a family, not just live in lovers, that is where it is all going wrong, but legally committed and if marriage is the only way so be it, then they should be able to use their personal allowances as they see fit..

PS I don't agree with same sex parents having children so would not agree that the transferable allowance should be applicable in those cases.

PoliticalAnimal 27 Jan 2010 , 9:26pm

David Cameron wants to recognise and encourage marriage. I just want him to be aware that I did not get married (in the final year before the last allowance was withdrawn) in order to get a tax break.

And no amount of tax breaks would be high enough to bribe me to make me stay in that marriage once it was clear beyond counselling that it was simply not working (9 years later).

Simple really.

PS Maybe tax breaks for counselling is the way forward if he is actually trying to get people to stay married. It works just as effectively (if not more so) for those who are not yet facing problems but want to build a closer relationship.

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