The Bankers Just Don't Get Bonuses

Published in Investing on 13 January 2010

Investment banking services are vastly overpriced, as are their employees. Here are 2 solutions.

Over the Christmas break, I spend some time with an investment banker. Given my vehement criticism of banker's bonuses, the phrase "sleeping with the enemy" might spring to mind.

In cordial discussions, I picked up three interesting pieces of information…

1) He was made redundant 15 months ago, and is still looking for work. Admittedly his field of investment banking is quite specialised, but it shows things are still not back to how they were. 

He also revealed, even though he's been out of work for so long, with his redundancy package, he's probably 'earned' about the same amount of money as fellow investment bankers who've actually been working through this whole period.

Strange but true. The reason? The workers have received less bonuses.

2) On why he hasn't explored a career change, the investment banking money, in the good times, is just too much to walk away from. I can understand the thinking, but I can't understand why the money has to be so good. More later…

3) On bonuses, the ex-investment banker said if they weren't paid bumper bonuses, staff would leave.

Good, I said. Let them leave. What would be the worst thing that could happen? In the short term, whilst investment banks rebuilt their teams, profits may fall.

So what? Investment banks made massive losses in 2008-9, but they've survived and prospered. The same would happen again. And anyway, not all investment bankers would leave. There simply aren't enough jobs around, as witnessed by my still out-of-work investment banking acquaintance.

Stone Them

Banking bonuses are back in the news again. The issue just won't go away until rich bankers are publicly stoned, have their 350-acre country estates turned into wind farms, and are forcibly removed from their Kensington mansions and relocated into digs in the East End.

The public wants blood, and with some justification. But the bankers just don't get it.

They've generated big profits for their companies over the past 9 months. As interest rates have plummeted and central banks have been printing money like it's going out of fashion, just about every asset class has been rising.

From the stock market, to gold, to commodities… they've all been on an unstoppable, inexorable surge. It has been virtually impossible not to make money in such an environment, something investment bankers seem to conveniently ignore.

But worse than that, they are also perfectly happy to conveniently ignore the fact they wouldn't even have a job were it not for the government riding to the rescue and bailing them all out.

Forget that some banks, like Barclays (LSE: BARC) here in the UK and Goldman Sachs in the US, do not currently have any direct government financial investment. The truth of the matter is that without government bailouts, they wouldn't exist in their current form, or at all, today.

The Solution

But what is the solution to this "socialise the losses but privatise the profits" problem?

In the good times, investment banks make excessive profits. Rather than pay them out to staff in the form of vast bonuses, they should…

a) Continue to build up their capital base, so that when the inevitable downturns come, they can cover their own losses, rather than have the taxpayer cover them.

b) Pay higher dividends. Shareholders should be the ultimate beneficiary of excess profits, not employees. After all, it is shareholders who take the risk. If there is any doubt about who takes the risk, just ask shareholders in Lloyds Banking Group (LSE: LLOY). They are down 90% over the past 18 months. No vast bonuses for them.

The Final Word

The ultimate solution is increased competition. Investment banking services are vastly overpriced. The problem is, for a company seeking those services, they have very few alternative options. And in any case, the pricing across investment banking competitors is remarkably similar.

In just about any other industry, excessive profits attracts competition. We need more of it in the investment banking world. With competition, profits will decrease, and bonuses will also decrease. Bring it on. Please.

More on the economy and the markets:

> If you're in the market for buying shares, consider opening an online broker account with The Motley Fool's Share Dealing Service. You can buy and sell shares in real time for a flat rate of just £10. Click here to find out how you can open an account for free today. There is no obligation to trade.

Share & subscribe

Comments

The opinions expressed here are those of the individual writers and are not representative of The Motley Fool. If you spot any comments that are unsuitable hit the flag to alert our moderators.

tonygmfool 13 Jan 2010 , 12:27pm

Sounds like good sense to me but what can ordinary folk do to make it happen?

Antibanksy 13 Jan 2010 , 12:45pm

The problem is that the activities of "the money changers" do not reflect the time scales (and profit margins) of normal human endeavour in the real world, that they were originally created to finance. Unfortunately all solutions fly in the face of huge vested interests however come the revolution I would propose a large CGT on short term gains and any small remuneration to be in long term equity. The public stoning suggested above is also tempting if against my liberal tendencies. PS. the next time Justin Urqurt Stuart tells us that shares are a long term investment I would like to suggest that he tells that to the city insiders whilst at the same time stretching his red bracees to there fullest extent and letting go!

Fingered 13 Jan 2010 , 12:50pm

"The Solution" bit Bruce.....you seem to be forgetting that there are now much much fewer investment banks following the convenient disappearance off the investment bank landscape of Bear Stearns and Lehmans. Still, at least we do have a whole raft of former high ranking Goldman Sachs executives and CEO's who have nicely infiltrated the political system of the US government, Federal Reserve and other bodies. Very convenient too.

Fingered 13 Jan 2010 , 1:06pm

Maybe the fat cat bankers ought to be careful at just how much winging they do and how much bonuses they pay out to themselves. The socialising of losses and privitising of profits is making Joe Public an unhappy bunny. If public outcry were to really pressure parliament with demo's marches, lobbying etc etc, then perhaps they in turn will cave in and legislate to re-introduce the death penalty for corporate crimes.

Fingered 13 Jan 2010 , 1:26pm

I see France has just walloped them with a 50% bonus tax which is on top of an existing 10% tax plus there is a hefty "social security charge too. Bravo Christine Lagarde......Tres bien fait!!

Rachmatt 13 Jan 2010 , 2:18pm

The value of these bonuses is at a very basic level in terms of their value, because these bankers deal in trillions/billions of dollars/ pounds,(a number way beyond normal values of understanding), then the value they place on themselves for dealing with such volumes becomes commensurate with the value of the bonuses. It does not mean the basic skill they have in managing and making decisions about investments etc is not skill full at all, as most of the decisions, are undertaken by software programs and algorithms.
Many of these people would never be capable of holding a middle ranking management position in a manufacturing company, but because their working tools is money then that is how they derive value !! hope I got my point across !!

theRealGrinch 13 Jan 2010 , 2:28pm

the concern is these already highly paid bankers are draining vital resources out of the banks at the cost of stability and shareholders.

Portemonnaie 13 Jan 2010 , 3:20pm

Probably 95% plus of non bankers support some sort penalty being applied to banking bonuses. As stated in the text what do the share holders get for carrying the risk and yes and now the tax payers. Is there not another way of dealing with the problem. For example why are profits of the banks not regulated in such a way that they are forced to redistribute profit amongst the involved parties i.e. Corp Bond Holders; Share Holders and the DEPOSITORS. As we hear profits are back up (for all the good reasons on government support) so why are the interest rates on deposit so miniscule when as stated on BBC today profit is over 100% on a pound invested. I would suggest a number of 60% of ALL profit is required by law to be redistributed after deduction of the minimum capitalisation money. Then we can all get a share of the action

sdjohns 13 Jan 2010 , 3:25pm

Solutions must address the root cause of the problems. Excessive fees and bonuses, lack of transparency, poorly understood products, the credit and pension crises - are, ironically, the result of existing regulation. To solve them, the clear objective of the regulatory regime should be to deliver simple, low cost financial products that are accessible to us all.

Currently, most investment opportunities and funding are funnelled into a zone where few firms are permitted to operate who get to charge more for their services. Products become increasingly complex, less transparent and less well understood as these few firms struggle to get an edge on the 'competition' and quote 'stellar' returns. Risk becomes highly concentrated and there is actually very little effective competition at all. In this scenario, fee caps and bonus taxes will be ineffective - the huge flows of investment funds and opportunities will always incentivise ways of getting round the curbs, or the practicalities of getting anything funded at all will sweep the curbs away. As a result, funding costs will continue to rise, as will the incomes of the staff working for the annointed few.

One way to challenge this trend is to open up the investment 'funnel', and make the financial markets accessible to us all. That in turn means vastly simplifying the process for the average individual to invest/save in a fully diversified way.

Read the full post is here:

http://sdj-pragmatist.blogspot.com/2009/12/simple-low-cost-financial-services.html

joannie96 13 Jan 2010 , 3:38pm

I'm definitely with you! The admitedly fairly small sample of bankers I know shows a group of fairly thick and very selfish individuals who couldn't care less about those of us who actually had to EARN a living and whose pensions have all but disdappeared thanks to their recklessness.
Bonuses (if they have to be paid at all) should be restricted to no more than 10% of the national average salary - if that means some bankers leave, is that really any loss? If the banks can afford the extra billions that they will pay under the "bonus tax", then they can also afford to pay decent interest to those of us without whose money they wouldn't have a job in the first place.

2381nickp 13 Jan 2010 , 4:39pm

What is it about bankers that means they have to be bribed to do a decent day's work? Most of the rest of the human race feels an obligation to do an honest day's work for an honest day's pay. The whole bonus culture is fundamentally flawed as proved by the mess it has got us into.

sivorny 13 Jan 2010 , 5:58pm

They should base bankers bonuses on how much they outperform the index.

PatInvest 13 Jan 2010 , 11:24pm

Plenty of nonsense written above about bankers, but I think that the conclusion is right. Investment banking is far too expensive. If a couple of new aggressive low cost investment banks moved in, the landscape would be transformed. The trouble is that no one has taken up this opportunity, probably because they can make too much money with the existing system.

If a low cost operator moved in, you can be sure that salaries & bonuses would drop. Perhaps some of the unemployed investment bankers out there could band together to take on their former employers.

In the present system, investment bankers are paid to make money for the bank. Because they can make enormous amounts, huge bonuses are entirely justified. For this reason, I don't feel that we should be bashing bankers, but criticising the system which allows investment banking to charge such huge amounts.

Fingered 13 Jan 2010 , 11:54pm

.....and the system legitmises the socialising of losses (that's YOU folks who pay the bill) and the privitising of profits ( Not always you :-) hehehe ) ...so, yeah, let's not bash the banksta's, the poor souls.

bouleversee 13 Jan 2010 , 11:57pm

I agree with all the writer says, except for one thing: the bankers do get it (obscene amounts of dosh, that is, out of all proportion to their efforts and abilities, and made from gambling with other people's money with no loss to themselves if things go wrong) and it seems they will continue to do so. One only had to listen to Hester of RBS in the H of C yesterday to know that nothing will change. He is in line for £10m. He says his own parents think he gets far too much but that doesn't seem to bother him. There should be a law that their bonus should be restricted to the same percentage of their salary as shareholders receive in dividends. Their activities drove share prices down and then they used taxpayers' money to buy shares at the bottom, driving prices up again. That's opportunism not exceptional ability.

Birtles 15 Jan 2010 , 10:36am

Im sorry, but Ive read some of the comments above and just cant believe the bashing that you are giving all bankers.

Talk about generic. Do you really believe that all bankers earn vast sums of money? What about the middle office and support roles?

Take an average banker middle office - salary approximately £30k - £40k, bonus of between 30/40% per annum (in an exceptional year) average hours worked 12 hours a day plus the odd weekend. Convert that into an hourly rate and you dont get much more than you would in any other profession after tax

Similarly, I dont know many middle office managers on a salary of more than £70k and again even with a bonus of 40% that is not extortionate if you consider the hours they work (at least 12 hour days in many cases and the stress/responsibility from that kind of role.)

I agree that they do have their part to play in the crisis, but it is about time that Joe Public also took some responsibility.

After all, not every banker has the power or influence to make risky decisions. Believe it or not, not all roles within a bank involve trading structured products!

Do you not think that someone with a mortgage of more than 3 times their salary should not be held accountable? Just because a bank is willing to lend such sums, should the public take advantage of this? Surely this is where the crisis really originated from. I have not bought a house for the simple two simple reasons:

i) they are ludicrously over-priced
ii) i could not afford to pay back a mortgage of 4/5 times my salary if interest rates rose to 14%

However, with these facts in mind, how many of the public have gone out and bought themselves houses? Motivation: somewhere to live, (for your first house maybe) but for a buy to let property? Surely its the hope that they will make a profit in the future?
And who do they expect to bail them out if interest rates do rise to 14% and they are faced with repossession?

I doubt everyone would take it on the chin, most people would be up in arms demanding that the government do something about it!

Similarly, if so many people have suffered from the recession, how can they afford to continue to spend? Retailers report results for their best Christmas in 3 years! I cant believe that all the money spent was hard cash – Credit would have to account for some of that spending!

In this respect, I believe the mentality of the public is very similar to that of a banker that you believe deserves to be bashed. Short-term with little consideration for how they will pay back the credit or the impact on other people if they fail to repay their debt. i.e. risk taking with little consequence!

Its human nature to be opportunistic. For instance, if your boss offered you a bonus of 50% and you knew that someone else would suffer from you taking that bonus, would you really turn it down? And offered an amazing job in one of these banks, would you honestly turn it down?

Ok, some people may, but given the opportunity and faced with that situation in reality I doubt everyone would be that moral.

So, before berating the bankers for doing their jobs, please consider that they are not the only ones to blame for this crisis.

ml183 15 Jan 2010 , 10:54am

The Bankers Bonuses are running out of control - again !!!!!

Being rewarded for your contribution to your business is a fair and common practice in commerce.

However - the reward must reflect profitability not merely the generation of revenue.

If you earn me £1,000,000 of locked in profit - identifiable and due to appear in the balance sheet - then a bonus of 10% might be OK - if you secure £1,000,000 of revenue from a deal without any provable or locked in profit - then the payment of a bonus only on the basis of the revenue generated is clearly not OK until such time as the deal produces a clear and provable profit.

It cannot be beyond the wit of these "experts" to construct a system that properly reflects the contribution to the business - and retain those staff that are vital to the ongoing success of the business.

The time has come for a serious review of the whole system - which can be summarised as - NO PROFIT - NO BONUS - and we realy do not want to hear the carefully constructed arguments that this "Cannot be done" - yes it can - you know it can - now for heavens sake - GET ON WITH IT !!!!!

neilogg 21 Jan 2010 , 1:14pm

Most investment companies charge annual 1-2% "management" fees on capital invested. Many of these companies control £Bs in assets. Management fees provide a very substantial income and sustain high salaries even in bad years when they lose clients' money. Why not make management fees illegal? This would force companies to think long term, keep a financial cushion against bad years and reduce bonuses. After all why should they be paid when they lose your money?

swallowcres 21 Jan 2010 , 5:47pm

Does anyone know specifically what the bankers have to do to earn their bonuses?

Until I have this information I find it difficult to make a judgement one way or the other!!

neilogg 22 Jan 2010 , 11:11am

Basically bonuses are performance related pay i.e. if a individual makes money for the bank and shareholder's/investors he will be paid a fraction of what he makes as a bonus. This seems fine until one recognises that:
- he is gambling with investor's money, not his own
- bonuses are not usually averaged over long term performance, (10 years might be reasonable, effectively giving negative bonuses in bad years)
- individuals controlling large sums of investor's money can influence the market effectively making almost certain bets
- pay and bonuses are often sustained by high management and commission charges for doing very little.

There is nothing wrong with the idea of bonuses for performance. It is the scale and management that is the problem. Levels need to be cut by a factor of 10 to 100 and sustaining management/commission charges reduced or removed.

Join the conversation

Please take note - some tags have changed.

Line breaks are converted automatically.

You may use the following tags in your post: [b]bolded text[/b], [i]italicised text[/i]. All other tags will be removed from your post.

If you want to add a link, please ensure you type it as http://www.fool.co.uk as opposed to www.fool.co.uk.

Hello stranger

To add your own comment, please login.

Not yet registered? Register now.