2010: Year of Disaster

Published in Investing on 20 November 2009

Forget 2012, next year looks pretty dicey.

It has been a storming year for stock markets, but every investor is asking the same question: when is it going to end? And even more crucially, how will it end? With a bang or a whimper?

So I thought I'd line up the main threats to share prices, and which pose the biggest threat to markets.

Rising inflation and interest rates

Cheap money has driven this year's stock market rally. The big worry is that this has created an asset bubble, and when interest rates rise, it will go pop.

The bulls say: So what? The recent increase in CPI to 1.5% was a blip, caused by rising fuel costs and the falling pound, there is plenty of spare capacity in the global economy, and central bankers are committed to keeping base rates low.

The bears say: The printing presses are rolling, inflation has fallen less than expected, VAT goes up on 1 January, and central bankers are no longer in control of events.

Danger rating: Inflation may rise in the short-term, but interest rates could stay low for years. 4/10.

End of QE and fiscal stimulus

The US and UK have been printing money as if it was made of paper, while China has pumped hundreds of billions of dollars into fiscal stimulus programmes, but the global economy still stumbles. What happens when the printing presses fall silent?

The bulls say: Best not think about it.

The bears say: Central bankers have spent all their ammunition to questionable effect and barely kept the economy afloat. Next year it sinks.

Danger rating: Nobody knows how well the cash injection worked, but everybody fears the withdrawal symptoms. 8/10.

Public debt

Public borrowing this year could total anything from £175bn to more than £200bn. Debt now swallows 12% of UK tax revenues. The US, Japan and much of Europe are in an equally parlous state.

The bulls say: Debt can wait. The priority is to keep the economy motoring, we can clear the deficit from the proceeds of growth later. As a last resort, we can always inflate our way out.

The bears say: If the UK doesn't aggressively cut costs, it could end up in a debt spiral, pushing up interest rates, worsening the deficit and possibly leading to a run on the pound. Japan has shown the way, and the West will follow.

Danger rating: The scale of debt is so vast the human mind can't take it in, but soon it is payback time, and this could be a big drag on markets. 8/10.

Tax rises and spending cuts

Both are coming sooner rather than later, and at a scale the public doesn't even begin to understand.

The bulls say: The damage will be offset by continuing loose monetary policy.

The bears say: Fiscal tightening will lead to rising unemployment, falling consumer spending, business retrenchment and shrinking growth, leading to a double-dip recession.

Danger rating: Can stock markets really escape the fiscal strangling? 9/10.

China crisis

Many fear Beijing’s mighty 4 trillion yuan (£359 billion) stimulus package has created a massive stock market and asset bubble, but it won't last forever. How long will the US allow China to export cheap goods and unemployment to the cash-strapped West?

The bulls say: China is now the engine of the global economy. Car sales are up, bank lending is soaring, inflation remains low and GDP growth is now expected to exceed 8% a year

The bears say: The trade imbalance between China and the West was a major factor behind the credit crunch. The West can no longer afford to buy China’s exports, and homegrown consumers have yet to plug the gap.

Danger rating: If China catches a cold, the rest of us could get swine flu. But the West has more pressing worries without fretting about China. 6/10.

Rising oil prices

Oil has more than doubled from $37 a barrel to around $78 a barrel. How much higher can it go?

The bulls say: The recession should slow demand for oil, keeping prices steady.

The bears say: When oil hit $147 last year, US consumers stopped spending, and disaster followed. It doesn't have to hit those heights to cause real damage. $100 a barrel should do it.

Danger rating: Shrinking US demand might keep the price in check, but watch out for those speculators. 7/10.

A disaster tsunami

The danger is that several or all of these nightmare scenarios will hit us at the same time, casting stock markets into oblivion.

The bulls say: That's just scare-mongering.

The bears say: Run for your lives.

Danger rating: Doesn't bear thinking about. But how likely is it? 7/10.

This market has climbed a wall of worry and could do it again in 2010, but it is up against forbidding odds.

More from Harvey Jones:

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Comments

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curedum 20 Nov 2009 , 11:55am

Like the last weeks of 1939 we're in a "phoney war". The politicians know what's coming and what must be done, but they're afraid to spell it out. But after decades of social welfare reforms, are voters today as stoic as our parents and grandparents? Is the UK ready to adopt the Canadian example and slash all government budgets by 5% in order to reduce our huge levels of debt? Answers to Mr G. Brown, 10 Downing St, London.

UncleEbenezer 20 Nov 2009 , 12:29pm

You left out the twin elephants in the UK room: personal debt (not shared to a comparable extent by most of Europe, where the big debts are public) and a house price bubble which has wobbled but overall remains in Denial.

Chongq 20 Nov 2009 , 3:14pm

China risk is only 1/10. Planned economy and huge reserves plus a real need for infrsastructure.

Jonesey12 20 Nov 2009 , 3:49pm

Harvey Jones here.

Sorry bugrthis - not enough space to run through all the dangers!

Sadiesage 20 Nov 2009 , 4:04pm

The biggest threat next year, I think, is an end to the Q.E exercise. With the £ under pressure, a new Government, of whatever complexion, having to grapple with reigning in expenditure and raising taxes sharply, who's going to buy Gilts when the Bof E stops doing so?

Moreover, if foreign holders of Sterling get cold feet and start selling the currency, one could foresee a steep rise in interest rates being essential and that would really pole-axe the Gilt market and Corporate bonds, too, driving yields much higher. What price the equity bull run, then?

As I've indicated before, there is an unsettling realisation that years ending in '9' have been almost invariably good to investors, in stark contrast to those ending in '0'. My memory goes back to 1959 - 60 and the decades subsequently but check it out for yourself. Spooky?

rober00 20 Nov 2009 , 5:17pm

Another elephant in the room is the possiblity of the UK having to go cap in hand to the IMF for a loan.

If that were to happen then all bets would be off, as our destiny (as per the last time - remember Denis Healey) would not be in our own hands.

UncleEbenezer 20 Nov 2009 , 11:32pm

Jonesey12 - I think those points bear particular mention, because they're risk factors not shared by most of our peers. Even those who have been on a binge (Spain, Ireland) have started their course of cold turkey, while UK remains firmly in denial. Another six months to the election will put us a year behind them and in a deeper hole.

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